Reading I

First aid for burns

What things at home can be dangerous? electrical equipment electric wires poisons knives hot water glass Brainstorming gas pets

Pre-reading What kind of first aid would you perform in this situation? Make a list of your ideas.

Cool the area of skin; wash it under the cold running water. Cover the wound with bandage/ clean cloth. See a doctor if necessary.

I. Skim for general idea and then number them from 1 to 5. __ the three types of burns __ what to do if someone gets burned __ the functions of the skin __ the symptoms of burns __ how we get burns

1.What can skin do for our body ? ______________________________ _______________________ ____________________________ _________________________ 1.Act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. 2.Keep you warm or cool. 3.Prevent you from losing water. 4.Give you sense of touch. II. Scanning

2.You can get burnt by : ___________ __________ _______________________ hot liquids steam fire radiation the sun electricity or chemicals

3. How many types of burns are there? What are they? 1.First degree burns. 2. Second degree burns 3.Third degree burns

Ex 2 Label these pictures with first, second and third degree burn. second degreefirst degreethird degree

The three layers of skin: The third layer The second layer The top layer

III. Detail reading: Filling in the blanks Types Characteristics First degree burns Affect the top _____ of the skin. Dry, red and mildly _____ _____ painful Turn white when ______. layer swollen Mildly pressed

Types Characteristics Second degree burns affect both the _______ _______ layer of the skin. _____, red and swollen extreme ly painful _____ watery surface Third degree burns affect _____ layers of the skin. swollen; tissue can be seen. ______ _____ pain _______ ______ and charred top and the second all three rough little or no blisters black and white

IV. Read the passage and decide whether the first aid treatment is Right (R) or Wrong (W). 1. When someone is burned, you should place some ice on his wound. 2. The function of cool water is to prevent and reduce swelling. 3. We should put damp cloths on the second degree burns. 4. We shouldn ’ t break the blisters, or they will make the wound infected. W R R R

5. Sometimes, we can put oil or ointments on burns to stop the infection. 6. We should make sure the bandage won ’ t stick to the skin when it is used. 7. If burns are on the face, we should make the victim sit up. 8. Cold water can be used in three types of burns. W W R R

Ex 3 Answer the questions 1.Why should you put cold water on a burn? 2. Why doesn’t a third degree burn hurt? Because the cold water stops the burning Because the cold water stops the burning process, stops the pain and prevents or process, stops the pain and prevents or reduces swelling （肿）. reduces swelling （肿）. Because in a third degree burn the nerves have been damaged. If there are no nerves, there is no pain.

3. Why do you think clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed? 4. If someone has a third degree burn, why might you see tissue? Because bacteria from the clothes and Because bacteria from the clothes and jewellery could infect the burns. jewellery could infect the burns. Because all layers of the skin have Because all layers of the skin have been burnt showing the tissue underneath. been burnt showing the tissue underneath.

1. Sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling water onto his legs. His legs became red, swollen and covered with blisters. Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. ( ) W Ex 4 Right or Wrong

2. While ironing clothes, Miss Good accidentally touched the iron. Her wrist blistered and became watery. It hurt a lot. She put her wrist under the cold water tap and then kept placing cool, clean, damp cloths on it until it was less painful. Then she went to see the doctor. ( ) R

3. Mrs Casey’s sleeve caught fire while she was cooking. Her arm looked terrible but it didn’t hurt. The skin was charred. Her husband took off her blouse and picked off bits of the blouse stuck to the burn. He then placed butter on the burn and covered it with a wet bandage. ( ) W

4. After an hour in the sun, Lily noticed her arms were red and hurt a bit. She went home and put them under cool running water. ( ) R