Space-based Constraints on Global SO 2 Emissions and Timely Updates for NO x Inventories Randall Martin, Dalhousie and Harvard-Smithsonian Chulkyu Lee, Dalhousie  National Institute of Meteorological Research, Korea Lok Lamsal, Aaron van Donkelaar, Akhila Padmanabhan, Dalhousie University Thomas Walker, Dalhousie University  University of Toronto Russell Dickerson, Jennifer Hains, Konstantine Vinnikov, U. Maryland Nickolay Krotkov, NASA Andreas Richter, University of Bremen

Accurate Emission Inventories Needed for Climate and AQ E.g. What is the role of SO 2 Emissions in Aerosol Pollution van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010 Global Climatology ( ) of PM 2.5 from MODIS & MISR AOD and GEOS- Chem AOD/PM 2.5 Relationship Evaluation for US/Canada r=0.78 slope=1.02 n=1073 Evaluation with measurements outside Canada/US Number sitesCorrelationSlopeBias (ug/m 3 ) Including Europe Excluding Europe Poster 4611

Insight into Aerosol Source/Type with Precursor Observations Lee et al., JGR, 2009 Operational OMI PBL SO 2 data corrected with local air mass factor improves agreement of OMI SO 2 versus aircraft observations (INTEX-B) Orig: slope = 1.6, r = 0.71 New: slope = 0.95, r = 0.92 OMI Improved SO 2 Vertical Columns for 2006

Anthropogenic Sources Dominate Annual Mean SO 2 Column Volcanic SO 2 Emissions 10% of Anthropogenic Source Total SO 2 Column Anthropogenic SO 2 Column Fraction from Anthropogenic GEOS-Chem Simulations for 2006 Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Use OMI and SCIAMACHY SO 2 Columns to Map SO 2 Emissions Combustion, Smelters, Volcanoes Emission SO 2 SO 4 2- ~day OH, cloud Tropospheric SO 2 column ~ E SO2 Over Land Phytoplankton DMS day Deposition Top-Down Emissions

Evaluate GEOS-Chem SO 2 Lifetime vs Calculations from In Situ Measurements U Maryland Research Flights for Eastern U.S. Hains, Dickerson, et al., 2007 June - August C is SO 2 from EPA Network H is GEOS Mixed Layer Depth Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Global Anthropogenic Sulfur Emissions Over Land for 2006 Volcanic SO 2 Columns (>1x10 17 molec cm -2 ) Excluded From Inversion 49.9 Tg S/yr 54.6 Tg S/yr r = 0.77 SO 2 Emissions (10 11 molecules cm -2 s -1 ) Cloud Radiance Fraction < 0.2 Top-Down (OMI) Bottom-Up in GEOS-Chem (EDGAR2000, NEI2005, EMEP2005, Streets2006) Scaled to 2006 Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Anthropogenic Emissions Differences (2006) -2.2 Tg S/yr -4.7 Tg S/yr Cloud Radiance Fraction < 0.2, SZA < 50 o Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Timely Updates to Anthropogenic NOx Emission Inventories

Application of Satellite Observations for Timely Updates to Emission Inventories Use GEOS-Chem to Calculate Local Sensitivity of Changes in Trace Gas Column to Changes in Emissions Walker et al., ACPD, 2010 Local sensitivity of column changes to emissions changes Fractional Change in Emissions Fractional Change in Trace Gas Column Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep Apply to regions where anthropogenic emissions dominate (>50%)

Evaluate Hindcast Inventory Versus Bottom-up Hindcast for 2003 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and SCIAMACHY NO 2 for Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep HindcastBottom-up Poster 4206

Forecast Inventory for 2009 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and SCIAMACHY NO 2 for Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep 9% increase in global emissions 21% increase in Asian emissions Poster 4206

Challenges - Better understanding of differences between OMI and SCIAMACHY SO 2 - Reduce uncertainty in simulated SO 2 lifetime - Develop adjoint-based inversions - Reconcile differences between top-down and bottom-up inventories Encouraging Prospects to Apply Satellite SO 2 and NO 2 Observations to Constrain Anthropogenic Emissions and Recent Changes Acknowledgements: Environment Canada, Health Canada, NASA