Chapter 29: The Countries of South Asia Section 1: Road to Independence Pg

British Rule: Improvements  Ended slavery  Improved schools  Built railroads

Indian Textile Industry  Before British rule, India had a very successful textile industry  Britain wanted to use India as a market for their machine-made textiles  Colonialism  Imported raw cotton from India  Made it into cloth in Britain  Shipped finished product back to India  Millions of Indian textile workers lost their jobs

Colonialism and Inequality  British did not treat Indians as equals  In the government and in the army, British officials were in all positions of power  Indians could only serve under British officials

Resistance to British Rule  Late 1880s: Nationalism  1885: Indian National Congress  1906: Muslim League  Western ideas spreads among India’s middle class  Individual rights  Self-government

Mohandas Gandhi

Nonviolent Resistance  Boycott  British clothing  Government agencies, such as courts of law  Noncooperation  Indians in public office resigned  Indian children were withdrawn from government schools  Indians sat in streets to block traffic  Civil Disobedience  Salt march  Refusal to pay British taxes

1930: Salt March  India is a peninsula: surrounded on 3 sides by water  Ocean: Salt water  Britain taxed salt even though it was native to India  Illegal for Indians to collect their own salt

Independence Movement  Mass movement  Millions of Indians  Gandhi: committed to nonviolence  Some protests led to riots  Hundreds of people were killed or hurt  1935: Britain was forced to allow self-rule in certain provinces in India

Questions 1.What 3 types of nonviolent resistance did Gandhi and his followers use? 2.Why was nonviolent resistance successful? 3.What advantages did the Indian Independence Movement have? 4.Why do you think Gandhi labeled the acts of nonviolent resistance as “weapons” against British rule?