Water & Transpiration or Water, water everywhere and all the boards did shrink. Water, water everywhere and not a drop to drink. J.G. Mexal A/H 100.

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Presentation transcript:

Water & Transpiration or Water, water everywhere and all the boards did shrink. Water, water everywhere and not a drop to drink. J.G. Mexal A/H 100

PET = evaporation + transpiration from a crop under non-stressed conditions Adjusted to a ‘reference crop’ (grass) Crop coefficient (k C ) = ET C / ET O Function of T, RH, season, leaf area, shading, crop species, soil moisture Potential Evapotranspiration/ Las Cruces

Las Cruces Potential Evapotranspiration Water (in/d)

Trees and Water… Turfgrass Actual Water Use / Farmington NM/ D. Smeal Warm SeasonCool Season

Trees and Water… Turfgrass Actual Water Use/ Farmington NM / D. Smeal Julian Days ET (in/d) Cool Season Warm Season Late, Warm Season AprJulOct

Trees and Water… How often should new trees be watered? Time since transplanting (d) Days without water (no.)

Irrigation Scheduling- nonstressed Fancy formula: PAW = AWC x MAD x RZ Sooo, Plant Available Water = soil Available Water Content x Maximum Allowable Depletion x Root Zone depth

Pecan Water Use/ Sammis et al. Irrigation Budbreak A BC in/d

Water & Transpiration Irrigation & Water Management Evapotranspiration: water loss through evaporation and transpiration –Yearly ET: ~ 200 cm –Yearly Ppt: ~ 20 cm –Deficit: ~ 180 cm Daily ET (cm/d) MarAprMayJunJulAugSepOct

Water & Transpiration Irrigation & Water Management Goals of Irrigation: –Meet the needs of the plant –Minimize runoff erosion chemicals –Minimize evaporation –Manage leaching salts NO 3

Water & Transpiration Irrigation & Water Management When to Irrigate? –Observe plants--too late! –Observe soil--’touchy-feeley’ –Measure soil or plant water stress tensiometer* neutron probe pressure bomb* electrical resistance leaf temperature –Estimate water use evapotranspiration

Water & Transpiration Irrigation & Water Management Reducing Water Use in the Landscape –Goal: Reduce evaporation water at night or early morning water deep to develop deep rooted plants apply 5 cm organic mulch to cool soil –Goal: Put the water where you want it directional sprinklers berms or swales

Water & Transpiration Irrigation & Water Management Reducing Water Use in the Landscape –Goal: Use low water plants xeriscaping plant breeding not ‘zeroscaping’ –Goal: Improve irrigation efficiency drip irrigation sub-irrigation

Things to Know Colligative properties Hydrologic cycle Irrigation Solvent Solute Field Capacity Permanent Wilting Point Water Use Efficiency Potential Evapotranspiration Transpiration Turgor Wilting MAD RH AWC Water Potential Xeriscaping

Water & Transpiration Factors Influencing Transpiration/ Musk mallow leaves Base of Plant Top of Plant

Water & Transpiration Heat of Fusion/ Frost protection in vineyard 495 L/min/ha 103 L/min/ha

Water & Transpiration Heat of Vaporization/ Peach bud bloom delay

Water & Transpiration Factors Influencing Transpiration/ Light, T, H 2 O Intact leaf Air T Excised leaf Citrullus colocynthis