Management effectiveness evaluation: WCPA Framework overview

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa A short history of Management Effectiveness Evaluation First raised at Bali WPC 1983 Call for action at Caracas WPC 1992 Independent systems development (Parks in Peril, WWF/CATIE, TNC and others, various park management agencies) WCPA Working Group 1996 and Task Force 1998 Publication of WCPA Best Practice Guidelines (2000) WCPA Thematic Program on Management Effectiveness Vth World Parks Congress workshop (2003) CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas Goals and Targets (2004)

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa The CBD Commitment Goal 4.2 – To evaluate and improve the effectiveness of protected areas management Target: By 2010, frameworks for monitoring, evaluating and reporting protected areas management effectiveness at sites, national and regional systems, and transboundary protected area levels adopted and implemented by Parties.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Suggested activities of the Parties Develop and adopt, by 2006, appropriate methods, standards, criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of protected area management and governance, and set up a related database, taking into account the IUCN-WCPA framework for evaluating management effectiveness, and other relevant methodologies, which should be adapted to local conditions Implement management effectiveness evaluations of at least 30 percent of each Party’s protected areas by 2010 and of national protected area systems and, as appropriate, ecological networks.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Suggested activities of the Parties Include information resulting from evaluation of protected areas management effectiveness in national reports under the Convention on Biological Diversity Implement key recommendations arising from site- and system-level management effectiveness evaluations, as an integral part of adaptive management strategies.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa The WCPA Framework Working group established with WCPA in 1996 Draft framework developed in 1997 Task Force established in 1998 with broad regional and organisational representation Partnership with IUCN/WWF Forest Innovations project Workshops, pilot studies and reviews Launch of guidelines at World Conservation Congress in 2000 Revised Guidelines published 2006

Developing countries Developed countries Parks Canada Ontario: State of Parks research framework University of Benin: Used for research and training Australia: Teaching material for project planning and land management New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service: State of Parks reporting and evaluation programme. Nearly 700 PAs involved Parks Australia: Used in support of performance evaluation approach North Carolina State University: Reference for teaching Broads Authority (National Park) England: Applied toolkit successfully; used for M&E of Broads Management Plan Management Consultant, USA: Evaluation of proposed World Heritage Sites Sanparks, South Africa: Future use in planning and evaluation Finnish Park Service: Development of National Parks evaluation system criteria and indicators WWF, India: Evaluation of Kalakad Mundanthorai Tiger Reserve University of Northern BC, Canada: Parks planning course Hungary PAN Parks Foundation WWF: “Major highlight of activities” WCPA EE Consultant: Drafting legislation for PAs in Equatorial Guinea, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Tanzania: Successful application in Mbwendi Park GEF: Adapted for all biodiversity sites to support work of GEF Biodiversity Program Bhutan: Development of new PAs; improved management of new parks Eastern Europe: Adopted by PA managers in region Italy: Restructured Parks to use framework Tested in IUCN-UNESCO World Heritage Site project for adoption in the WH Convention and as framework for the World Heritage Endangered Sites list Parks Canada Agency: Development of performance measures for marine PAs Galapagos, Ecuador: Development of process to evaluate parks management UNDP: Used in guidelines for UNDP PA projects Trinidad & Tobago: Guide for management review of small PAs CNAP, Cuba: Used to implement new methodology for PAs Policy / Legislation / Management Science / Knowledge Included in CBD Programme of Work on PAs at COP 7 WWF/World Bank: Tracking tool for sites in Forest Programme; to adapt priorities. Also for funded projects in conservation areas Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service: Reinforced new evaluation programme Nigeria National Parks Service: Applying some principles to new national parks and in review of older parks Uganda Wildlife Authority: Applied in all Uganda protected areas. Especially successful in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park World Heritage Learning Site Application of Framework

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa What are the three most important things to measure when looking at management effectiveness?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Context Significance/Values Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners The context review, although not an analysis of management, provides information that puts management decisions into context and allows them to be assessed based on biological, cultural and political information.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa What are the important values of the site? Biophysical –Biodiversity –Ecological communities –Ecological processes –Geodiversity –Geomorphological processes –Other natural values Socio-economic –Cultural heritage Indigenous Historic Religious –Recreation –Tourism –Livelihoods Resources Jobs –Education

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa What are the type and severity of threats?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa What is the level of policy and funding support from government?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Who are the key stakeholders and what are their interests?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa How information is used: Information on values/significance and stresses/threats is used to help identify desired management outcomes by identifying or clarifying the key values to be protected at the site, threats to those values and hence providing a focus to the management of the site. Information on stakeholders/partners and their level of engagement is used to assess what impacts others are having at the site and whether more effective participation is needed or if new partnerships should be formed to support the site’s management. Information on national context can assist in understanding how the broader policy and legislative context affects management of the site.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa What is the legal status of the protected area?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Does the design of the site allow it to function effectively?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Does the site have clear management planning?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa How the information is used: Information on legal status and design of sites can identify management constraints (and strengths) relating to the design of the protected area and its relationship with surrounding land use. While managers have limited capacity to change these characteristics, they can seek to overcome difficulties by compensatory management. Information on planning assesses whether planning instruments are sufficient to guide management of the site.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Has the Site got enough resources?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa How the information is used: Information on the extent of resources available for management allows changes in staff and resource availability to be tracked over time. Estimation of need allows identification of shortfalls in staff, funds and equipment in relation to planned management activities. More objective estimations of needs can strengthen proposals for funding from government, donors and other sources of support.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Are management standards defined?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa How the information is used: Adapting the rating system for process indicators can provide the opportunity for park managers and stakeholders to define the desired standards for management practices at the site. Rating these indicators provides an understanding of current management practices in the light of these standards and a means to measure improvement in management and progress in actions.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Has the management plan/work programme been implemented?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa What are the results/outputs of site management?

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa How the information is used: Monitoring the implementation of the management plan or work program, which can identify where management is directing effort and what areas of management activity may be being neglected Measures of visitor use or other externally generated requirements can assist in understanding changing demands on park management.

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa WCPA assessment framework Effectiveness Appropriate- ness Effective- ness EfficiencyEconomyAppropriate- ness Status Focus of evaluation Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Results of management actions Services and products Suitability of management processes Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site PA legislation and policy PA system design Reserve design Management planning Significance Threats Vulnerability National policy Engagement of Partners Criteria Outcomes What did we achieve? Outputs What were the results? Process How do we go about it? Inputs What do we need? Planning Where do we want to be? Context Where are we now? Elements of evaluation

Biodiversity health objectives Overview of each target and a breakdown of status and trends of individual indicators

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Threat abatement objectives

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Social and cultural and other objectives

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa How the information is used: Information on the status of key protected area values and the extent to which threats to these values have been controlled or removed (the most significant component of a management effectiveness evaluation) A basis for focussing monitoring programs on key issues and information needs Information on other aspects of management (e.g context, planning, input, process and output) can provide explanatory information that helps in interpreting outcomes and planning appropriate responses to problems identified in outcome assessment.

Input e.g. Funds from donor organisation; expertise from external scientists and involvement of local community. Output e.g. Successful and self-sufficient fish-farm established with no negative environmental effects. Process e.g. Community supports and successfully operates aquaculture venture Outcomes e.g. Income security established for community; no further reef bombing and conservation of reef system. Assumption Community supports project and donor funds will continue until project becomes self-sustaining. Assumption Community adopts programme and environmental conditions remain relatively stable. Assumption People will not seek further illegal income if they have a basic income from fish farm; community stewardship level is high; environmental conditions remain relatively stable and international laws protecting reef can be enforced (no outside fishing vessels). Context e.g. Marine park with a very high biodiversity values and a poor local community dependent on marine resources Planning e.g. Goal: to restore reef biodiversity and enhance community well-being. Objectives: to stop reef bombing and establish alternative income source for local community by development of aquaculture

Management Effectiveness Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Africa Questions?

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