: World War I : World War I The War that was SUPPOSED to end all Wars!

Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

“The Explosive Material for WWI”: The Long- Term Causes

Militarism COUNTRYSOLDIERS (#)MONEY SPENT (in American $) Britain750,000$ 50,000,000 France1,500,000$40,000,000 Germany8,500,000$60,000,000 Austria-Hungary750,000$22,500,000 Russia1,250,000$15,500,000 Italy750,000$10,000,000

German-British Naval Rivalry: Type of ShipGreat BritainGermany Dreadnoughts2917 Pre-Dreadnoughts4020 Battle -cruisers349 Cruisers7441 Destroyers Torpedo boats490 Submarines7521

The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

German Imperial Ambitions: CountryPopulationPopulation of Colonies Area in km2 of Empire Great Britain40.8 million390 million27 million France39.6 million63 million11 million Germany63 million15 million2.5 million Austria-Hungary50 millionNone Russia139 millionNone

Aggressive Nationalism

The Balkans, “The Powder Keg of Europe”  Territory formerly controlled by Ottoman Empire  Balkan nationalities like the Bosnians wanted independence  Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia & wanted to expand into Serbia  Serbia wanted to take Bosnia from Austria-Hungary  Russia wanted influence in Balkans; vowed to protect Serbia  Territory formerly controlled by Ottoman Empire  Balkan nationalities like the Bosnians wanted independence  Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia & wanted to expand into Serbia  Serbia wanted to take Bosnia from Austria-Hungary  Russia wanted influence in Balkans; vowed to protect Serbia

The “Spark”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

“The Explosion”: Outbreak of World War I

THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI  June 28 Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand  June 28  Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand  July 23 Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Germany’s “blank check”  July 23  Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Germany’s “blank check”  July 28 A-H declared war on Serbia  July 28  A-H declared war on Serbia  July 29 Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops  July 29  Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops  Aug. 1Germans declare war on Russia  Aug. 1  Germans declare war on Russia JJJJune 28  A AA Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand JJJJuly 23  A AA Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Germany’s “blank check” JJJJuly 28  A AA A-H declared war on Serbia JJJJuly 29  N NN Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops AAAAug. 1  G GG Germans declare war on Russia

THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI (cont.) THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI (cont.)  Aug. 3 Germany declares war on France  Aug. 3  Germany declares war on France Aug. 3 Germany declares war on France Aug. 3  Germany declares war on France  Aug. 4 German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany  Aug. 4  German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany AAAA uuuu gggg  G GG G eeee rrrr mmmm aaaa nnnn yyyy d d d d eeee cccc llll aaaa rrrr eeee ssss w w w w aaaa rrrr o o o o nnnn F F F F rrrr aaaa nnnn cccc eeee AAAAug. 4  G GG German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany WWI BEGINS !!!

The Schlieffen Plan

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

A Multi-Front War

Propaganda & Critique in World War I: Influencing Public Opinion

Visual Source 21.1: Women at War Visual Source 21.1: Women at War

Visual Source 21.2: Defining the Enemy Visual Source 21.2: Defining the Enemy

Visual Source 21.3: War and the Colonies Visual Source 21.3: War and the Colonies

Visual Source 21.4: The Battlefield Visual Source 21.4: The Battlefield

Visual Source 21.5: The Aftermath of War Visual Source 21.5: The Aftermath of War

Visual Source 21.6: Symbolizing the Nation’s Struggle Visual Source 21.6: Symbolizing the Nation’s Struggle

Women at the Front

Russian Women Soldiers

Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

Women Workers in Factories French factory German factory

Anti-German Posters

German Poster Think of Your Children!

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

War Is HELL !! War Is HELL !!

World War I Victims (incl. both casualties & wounded)

Maimed German WWI Veteran

The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

Tanks French Renault Tank British Tank at Ypres

U-Boats

The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Zeppelin

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

Poison Gas Machine Gun