1 Rural-Urban Relations: Building Alliances (8 suggestions) Bill Reimer – with a lot of help from my friends Click on for the data behind the claims and View Notes Page for Speakers Notes

2 The Rural-Urban Debate Polarized: rural vs. urban Polarized: rural vs. urban Rural and urban highly integrated Rural and urban highly integrated …but not visible Strategies Strategies  Rural must take initiative  Make the interdependence visible  Work with common interests  Minimize damage

3 Rural-Urban Integration in the NE Exchanges Exchanges  Goods: Goods go global  Services: Knowledge-oriented  People: Mobile, connected, and diverse  Information: Extensive, accessible Shared institutions and resources Shared institutions and resources  Institutions: Rationalized and regionalized  Environment: Increased stress and awareness  Identities: Multiple and contested 8 Suggestions

4 1. Look to urban interests

5 Opportunities and Responses 2. Identify global niche markets 3. Integrate strangers

6 4. Maintain Diaspora Doaktown, NB 11 of 36 pages Atlantic: 15 Atlantic: 15 Central: 6 Central: 6 West: 17 West: 17 USA: 6 USA: 6 International: 2 International: 2

7 5. Build Capacities

8 6. Make Interdependencies Visible Food Food Water Water Environment Environment

9 7. Strengthen Local Identities

10 Check your context Location – Adjacency to metro areas Location – Adjacency to metro areas Integration to the global economy Integration to the global economy  High integration: Associative matters  Low integration: Associative less impact Stability of the local Economy Stability of the local Economy  Fluctuating: Communal matters  Stable: Communal little relation to income

11 8 Suggestions 1. Look to urban demand 2. Identify global niche markets 3. Integrate strangers 4. Maintain diaspora 5. Build all capacities 6. Make interdependencies visible 7. Strengthen local identity 8. Check your context

12 Rural-Urban Relations: Building alliances The Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation /10/14 Become a member today!

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14 Identify global niche markets Economic theory Economic theory  Trade necessary for development  Trade substitution necessary for development  Seek competitive advantage  Commodity production creates niches Return

15 Source: Statistics Canada, Based on Catologue Nos and Immigration increasingly important part of pop growth. ReturnNext

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19 Type of USE of Social Capital matters for HH Incomes Adj. R 2 =.37 Constant = $9102 N = 1697 Logged values for USE of social capital P <.05 Source: NRE HH survey, 2001 Total HH income Market, bureaucratic, communal, associative: indexes of types of social capital Education of the respondent HH Size: number of people in the household Return Next

20 Correlations are all positive for types of social capital used Bureau.Assoc.Comm’nl Market Bureau Assoc..29 No substitutions Policy: Weak safety net But: Complementary Policy: Local strength in one can be used to build capacity in others (r) 1995 HHs – sums of logged items p<.01 Source: NRE HH Survey 2001 Return Previous

21 Make interdependence visible Build on existing interests of urban Build on existing interests of urban Primary concerns: Primary concerns:  Food  Water  Environment Return

22 Context Matters for Capacity HH Income by Associative Social Capital and Global Exposure The use of social capital increases HH incomes …but not if exposure to the global economy is low Public expenditure on associative social capital will have higher impact in globally exposed sites NRE HH Survey 2001 (N=1698) Adj. R 2 =.04 Return

23 Context Important for Transforming Assets into Outcomes ( e.g. Income ) HiCap.LoCap Metro Adj. N.Adj Fluct.Stable GlobalLocal TotalAssoc. Comm. Bureau. HH Size Educ Market RR2RR2 Regression of HH Income on Social Capital, etc. under NRE Sample Frame conditions Ranks based on standardized coefficients Source: NRE HH Survey 2001 (1995 HHs) USE of social capital Return

24 Take Initiative Identify assets, strengths, objectives Identify assets, strengths, objectives Research and explore opportunities Research and explore opportunities Build on strengths to build all capacities Build on strengths to build all capacities Prepare for damage Prepare for damage 7 Suggestions

25 SoCo and Context HH Income Market- based SoCo +$3,825 Education +$3,009 Communal- based SoCo -$966 Global with Bureaucratic or Local with non- Bureaucratic +$1,941 Social cohesion can mitigate these effects Rural outcomes are often conditional $7,046 Bureau- based SoCo -$824 Fluctuating Economy -$4,467 Adj R 2 =.35 N = 1697 Source: NRE HH Survey 2001 Return