PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE -History of Hungarian Orchestras -First established in 1853/ or 100 years earlier? -The last one last year/ or yesterday? - …and between?

-Hungarian music: any speciality? -Society and orchestras: feudalism, embourgoisement, socialism Different ways of founding and funding Number of orchestras: sensitive measure of a society

The fall of the Wall Hopes, concernes and fears The Hungarian solution

Is 16 more than 12? Who pays the bill? Public money – private money ( Fairy tales and reality) The Hungarian model Systems of sharing public money to orchestras

-1993: Allying ( Why? Why then and not earlier?) 15 member orchestras from 16. Faiths, hopes and reality A working organisation Basic principles, rules, structure, board and members

The magazine: ZENEKAR/ The Orchestra

International affairs: PEARLE* IAOA EOF IAMA ISPA

Bartók:a Hungarian and universal genius His credo and our credo:... My own idea, however — of which I have been fully conscious since I found myself as a composer—is the brotherhood of peoples, brotherhood in spite of all wars and conflicts. I try—to the best of my ability —to serve this idea in my music; therefore I don’t reject any influence, be it Slovakian, Rumanian, Arabic or from any other source. The source must only be clean, fresh and healthy! Bartók to Octavian Beu, January 10, 1931, in Béla Bartók Letters, ed. János Demény (Budapest, 1971), 201 Talking about rural life, let me add my own observations concerning the relationship between peasants of different nationalities.... They live peacefully side by side, each speaking his own language, following his own customs, taking it for granted that his neighbour, speaking another language, does the same. An overwhelming proof of this is offered by the words of the lyric folk songs, the mirror of the people’s soul. It is hard to find among these words any thought expressing animosity towards other nationalities. And even if we should find a line or two poking fun at the foreigner, these have no more significance than some of the words by which the people of the soil good-naturedly ridicule their pastor or their own shortcomings. There is peace among the peasants; hatred against their brothers is fostered only by the higher circles. Bartók, “Folk song Research in Eastern Europe” (1943), Béla Bartók Essays, ed. Benjamin Suchoff (London, 1976), 34