Rocks & Minerals ROCKS & MINERALS

Minerals must be: Naturally occurring made from non- living things

Properties of Minerals Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

Properties of Minerals Density Minerals will have a certain density regardless of the size of the sample. Each mineral has its own density called specific gravity

Properties of Minerals Luster The way a mineral reflects light. Can be metallic or non-metallic. Shiny or dull. waxy, pearly, glassy. This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster

Properties of Minerals Streak The color of its powder. Not always the same as the color of the mineral.

Properties of Minerals Color first thing noticed about minerals

Rock classification Texture is how a rock looks and feels texture in rocks is determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rocks grains. ocal.wasp.uwa.edu.au/.../rock/rock16.jpeg

Rock classification Mineral composition –Rocks are made of more than one mineral blue.utb.edu/.../PHYS1417SPR00/Unit3Lec.html

Rock Classification Origin of rocks How were the rocks formed - magma - erosion and layering - heat and pressure

Origin of rocks Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava –Lava is magma that reaches the earth ’ s surface

Origin of rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water) The particles are squeezed or cemented together Rocks are layered

Origin of rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed from heat and pressure. Rocks have been pushed deep into the earth ’ s crust Pressure from the earth above and heat from the mantle below cause them to change shape, color, grain and crystal structure 07page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Rock cycle ons/es0602/es0602page02.cfm