Seminars in IT for Businesses Summary 1 By Dr Sadaf Sajjad

Purpose of this course To introduce and discuss the emerging technologies used today in the boundary- less business worldwide.

Course Outline Social Aspects of technical use Technical aspect of Information technologies in organizational settings. The way in which organizations collect, process and exchange information. Technologies used to handle information's in organizations Technological and Societal factors that affect Information Processing goals.

Meaning of Seminars, business in IT Seminar refers to a course or subject of study for advanced graduate students. It is relatively informal as compared to the lecture systems but it do contains the academic information. Business An organization or economic system where goods and services are exchanged for one another or for money.

Business----cont Every form of business requires  some form of investment  Enough customers to whom its output can be sold on a consistent basis in order to make a profit. Businesses can be privately owned, or state owned. Example may be Pepsi CO or MOM private catering enterprises.

l The Evolution of the Information Age Agricultural Age: The period up to the 1800s, when the majority of workers were farmers whose lives revolved around agriculture. Industrial Age: The period from the 1800s to 1957, when work processes were simplified through mechanization and automation.

The Evolution of the Information Age (Continued) Information Age: The period that began in 1957, in which the majority of workers are involved in the creation, distribution, and application of information. –Knowledge Workers: Workers involved in the creation, distribution, and application of information.

The Evolution of the Information Age (Continued)

The Characteristics of the Information Age (Continued) An information-based society has arisen. –Information Society: A society in which more people work at handling information than at agriculture and manufacturing combined. Businesses depend on information technology to get their work done.

The Characteristics of the Information Age (Continued) Work processes are being transformed to increase productivity. –Work Processes: The combination of activities that workers perform, the way they perform those activities, and the tools they use. –Productivity: The relationship between the results of an activity (output) and the resources used to create those results (inputs). –Effectiveness: The extent to which desirable results are achieved.

Information technology provides the means to rethink/recreate/reengineer conventional business processes. –Reengineering: The reshaping of business processes to remove barriers that prohibit an organization from providing better products and services and to help the organization capitalize on its strengths. –Business Processes: Collections of activities, often spanning several departments, that take one or more kinds of input and create a result that is of value to a company’s customers. The Characteristics of the Information Age (Continued)

Success in business is largely determined by the effectiveness with which information technology is used. Information technology is embedded in many products and services. The Characteristics of the Information Age

Reengineering efforts to attain greater productivity: –Industrial Age - Division of Labor: Separation of work process into component task, with different workers specializing in each of the tasks. –Information Age – Teamwork, Interconnection, and Shared Information. The Characteristics of the Information Age (Continued)

Information Technology IT is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business and other enterprise.

What is Information Technology? continued A term used to refer to a wide variety of items and abilities used in the creation, storage, and dispersal of data and information. Its three main components are computers, communications networks, and know-how.

What is Information Technology? Definition (Continued) Data: Raw facts, figures, and details. Information: An organized, meaningful, and useful interpretation of data. Knowledge: An awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that information can be put to the best use.

What is Information Technology? Computers An electronic system that can be instructed to accept, process, store, and present data and information. Computers come in four sizes: –Microcomputers –Midrange computers –Mainframes –Supercomputers

What is Information Technology? Computers (Continued) Microcomputers: A relatively compact type of computer, the most common of all, easily outsells all other types of computers annually for use in business and at home. Five types of Microcomputers: –Desktop Computers –Notebook Computers/Laptop Computers –Tablet PCs –Personal Digital Assistants –Palm PCs

What is Information Technology? Communications Networks Communication: The sending and receiving of data and information over a communications network. Communications Network: A set of locations, or nodes, consisting of hardware, programs, and information linked together as a system that transmits and receives data and information. Data Communication: The transmission of data and information through a communications medium.

ORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT

Organizations : Structure and IT Support  Organizations  the nature of organizations determines their activities, the information support they need, and the type of information systems they use  profit-making business versus not-for-profit organizations exist  manufacture goods versus services are delivered  can be located in one place or in several places, some are global or multinational organizations

Organizations : Structure  Organizational Structure  departmental functional structure »specialize in the delivery of a certain function »typical departments in an organization »Accounting »Finance »Marketing and Sales »Production or Operations Management (POM) »Human Resources Management (HRM) »Information Systems and Technology

Types of Information Systems  organizations perform routine, repetitive tasks  a TPS supports the monitoring, collection, storage, processing, and dissemination of the organization’s basic business transactions  frequently, several transaction processing systems exist in one company  today’s transaction processing systems are much more sophisticated and complex  Transaction Processing Systems

Types of Information Systems (continued …)  provides periodic reports  generates weekly and monthly summaries by product, customer, or salesperson  initially, MIS had an historical orientation  today, MIS reports may include summary reports, for the current period or for any number of previous periods - used for monitoring, planning, and control  functional management information systems (MIS) »access, organize, summarize, and display information for supporting routine decision making in the functional areas »geared toward middle managers  Management Information Systems (MIS)

Organizations : Structure and IT Support  Organizations  the nature of organizations determines their activities, the information support they need, and the type of information systems they use  profit-making business versus not-for-profit organizations exist  manufacture goods versus services are delivered  can be located in one place or in several places, some are global or multinational organizations

Organizations : Structure  Hierarchical Structure Headquarters Division ADivision BOverseas Division Plant CPlant DPlant EPlant F POMAccountingMarketingFinanceHRM Administration Services (legal, etc.)

Organizations : IT Support  The Corresponding Information Systems  Departmental Information Systems  Plant Information Systems  Divisional Information Systems  Enterprisewide Information Systems  Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS)  Global Information System for an International or Multinational Corporation

Types of Information Systems  organizations perform routine, repetitive tasks  a TPS supports the monitoring, collection, storage, processing, and dissemination of the organization’s basic business transactions  frequently, several transaction processing systems exist in one company  today’s transaction processing systems are much more sophisticated and complex  Transaction Processing Systems

Types of Information Systems (continued …)  provides periodic reports  generates weekly and monthly summaries by product, customer, or salesperson  initially, MIS had an historical orientation  today, MIS reports may include summary reports, for the current period or for any number of previous periods - used for monitoring, planning, and control  functional management information systems (MIS) »access, organize, summarize, and display information for supporting routine decision making in the functional areas »geared toward middle managers  Management Information Systems (MIS)

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