Chapter 11 The Life Cycle Lesson 4 Infant and Child Development

Building Vocabulary cell The basic unit of life tissues Groups of similar cells that do a particular job organ A body part made up of different tissues joined to perform a particular function body system A group of organs that work together to carry out related tasks LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. Lesson Home

Building Vocabulary embryo The developing organism from two weeks until the end of the eighth week of development fetus The developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth developmental tasks An event that needs to happen in order for you to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult infancy The first year of life after birth LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. Lesson Home

Building Vocabulary toddler A child between the ages of one and three preschooler A child between the ages of three and five LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. Lesson Home

How Life Begins cell The basic unit of life LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. Your whole body began as a single cell. Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Building Blocks of Life tissues Groups of similar cells that do a particular job LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. The body is made up of trillions of tiny cells. Cells that have similar functions in the body work together in larger units called tissues. Some examples include muscle tissue, brain tissue, and connective tissue. Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Building Blocks of Life body system A group of organs that work together to carry out related tasks LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. Tissues, in turn, can form an organ. Your heart, brain, liver, and lungs are all organs. When many organs work together to carry out a certain job, they form a body system. organ A body part made up of different tissues joined to perform a particular function Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Development Before Birth LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. After fertilization, the fertilized egg cell makes its way down the fallopian tube, continuing to divide along the way. By the time it reaches the uterus, it has become a hollow ball of cells about the size of a pinhead. This ball attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. From this point on, it is called an embryo. embryo The developing organism from two weeks until the end of the eighth week of development Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Development Before Birth LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. Once an embryo is attached inside the uterus, the cells continue to multiply and change, forming tissues that do specific jobs. Those tissues combine to form organs. After about eight weeks, all the major organs of the body have begun to take shape, including the heart, brain, and lungs. From this point, the embryo is called a fetus. The average time from conception to birth is about nine months, or 280 days. fetus The developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Stages of Life LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. The psychologist Erik Erikson divided the human life cycle into eight separate stages: Infancy Early childhood Middle childhood Late childhood Adolescence Early adulthood Middle adulthood Late adulthood Lesson Home

Stages of Life LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. At each stage of life, you need to master a developmental task. developmental task An event that needs to happen in order for you to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Infancy infancy The first year of life after birth LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. During infancy, babies learn about their own bodies. Tasks learned in this stage include: focusing the eyes. sitting up. observing the world. recognizing familiar people, objects, and others’ voices. beginning to learn language. making sounds. developing bonds of love and trust with parents and others close to them. Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Early Childhood toddler A child between the ages of one and three LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. During the second year of life, a toddler will: become more aware of themself and their surroundings. learn to do things on their own, such as feeding themselves and using the toilet. speak in short sentences and follow simple directions. learn to run, jump, or kick a ball. recognize different shapes. imitate the behavior of their parents or siblings. become more interested in being independent. Lesson Home

Middle Childhood preschooler A child between the ages of three and five LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. A preschooler: asks a lot of questions. uses his or her imagination. enjoys telling stories or singing songs. becomes more interested in people outside his or her families. learns to cooperate with other children. can do exercises like hopping on one foot or riding a tricycle. may be able to dress themselves or choose foods at mealtimes. Lesson Home New Vocabulary

Late Childhood LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. From ages six to eleven, children become more independent from their families, and friends develop increased confidence in themselves. Lesson Home

Adolescence LESSON 4 Infant and Child Development BIG IDEA Each human being passes through several stages of development before reaching adolescence. During the time between ages 12 and 18, you are no longer a child, but you are not yet an adult. During adolescence, you experience physical, mental/emotional, and social changes that prepare you for adulthood. Lesson Home