Welcome to class ! and 12-1 Warm up # Do your vocabulary set #10 (raptor time if not finish) Brieftly go over the Tests from last week (next Wednesday afterschool for test correction) Discussion on Cell Cycle Homefun: – Write a one page front and back using word document to compare structures and functions of 4 Biomolecules (Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids). Including enzymes! Print a hard copy Due next Monday and Tuesday. This is a quiz grade! (no late work accept it) – In class assignment today, if not finish, then complete at home due next class.

copyright cmassengale Check for Understanding Assignments 1.Why is smaller cells are better than larger ones? 2.Compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell 3.Compare and contrast cell cycle of prokaryote and eukaryote 4.List and describe stages of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle 5.What is a chromosome? Explain in details the differences (their locations and compositions)between chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (including, singular circular chromosome, histone proteins, coils, supercoils, sister chromatids, chromosomes) 6.Draw and concept map to summarize this lecture notes

Large cells cannot transport nutrients across membrane A group of smaller cells has a larger surface area than a single cell with the same volume...

Remember, cells must use diffusion and osmosis to obtain important nutrients, like oxygen and glucose

Cell Reproduction  Prokaryotes - All Bacteria  Eukaryotes - Plants, animals, fungi and protists copyright cmassengale

Prokaryotes  Lack a nucleus  Have a single chromosome  Reproduce by binary fission  Include bacteria copyright cmassengale In prokaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into a single, circular chromosome in cytoplasm.

Chromosomes In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into multiple chromosomes in nucleus. duplicated chromosome centromere sister chromatids supercoils coils histone proteins nucleosome DNA double helix

DNA containing cell’s genetic code Each chromosome has a matching pair (homologous) During interphase, each chromosome copies itself What are chromosomes?

Which Cell Cycle? Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Steps in Binary Fission 1. Cells increase their cell mass slightly 2. DNA & cell components are replicated 3. Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells (exactly the same, same DNA) copyright cmassengale

Binary Fission of Bacterial Cell copyright cmassengale

E. Coli Dividing by Binary Fission copyright cmassengale

Eukaryotes  Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles  Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis copyright cmassengale

Cell Cycle Stages in growth & division 1. G1 Phase 2. S Phase 3. G2 Phase 4. M Phase 5. Cytokinesis copyright cmassengale Why does cell cycle important to the growth of organism?

G1 Phase  First growth stage  Cell increases in size  Cell prepares to copy its DNA copyright cmassengale

Synthesis Phase  Copying of all of DNA’s instructions  Chromosomes duplicated copyright cmassengale

G2 Phase  Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis  Cell continues growing  Needed proteins produced copyright cmassengale

Mitosis Phase  Cell growth & protein production stop  Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells  Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division) copyright cmassengale

Life Cycle of a Cell Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end. copyright cmassengale

Interphase – Resting Stage  Cells carrying on normal activities  Chromosomes aren’t visible  Cell metabolism is occurring  Occurs before mitosis copyright cmassengale

Interphase

Check for Understanding Assignments 1.Why is smaller cells are better than larger ones? 2.Compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell 3.Compare and contrast cell cycle of prokaryote and eukaryote 4.List and describe stages of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle 5.What is a chromosome? Explain in details the differences (their locations and compositions)between chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (including, singular circular chromosome, histone proteins, coils, supercoils, sister chromatids, chromosomes) 6.Draw and concept map to summarize this lecture notes

Welcome to class ! 12-2 and 12-3 Warm up # Turn in warm up! Get new warm up Turn in “Check for understanding assignments” Briefly go over the Tests from last week (next Wednesday afterschool for test correction) Discussion on Cell Cycle continue 2-D Lab (if not finish, due this Friday!) Semester Exam Study Guide is on my webpage under this PPT slides (print out and start studying!) Homefun: – Write a one page front and back using word document to compare structures and functions of 4 Biomolecules (Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids). Including enzymes! Print a hard copy Due next Monday and Tuesday. This is a quiz grade! (no late work accept it)

Eukaryotic Chromosome copyright cmassengale

Human Chromosomes Karyotype – tell male or female, genetic diseases copyright cmassengale

Stages of Mitosis  Prophase  Metaphase  Anaphase  Telophase copyright cmassengale

Cells Undergoing Mitosis copyright cmassengale

Steps in Prophase  DNA coils tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes  Nuclear membrane disappears  Nucleolus disappears  Centrioles migrate to poles  Spindle begins to form copyright cmassengale

Steps in Metaphase  Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome  Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes  Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell copyright cmassengale

Metaphase

Steps in Anaphase  Cell chromosomes are separated  Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell copyright cmassengale

Mitotic Spindle copyright cmassengale

Anaphase

Steps in Telophase  Separation of chromosomes completed  Cell Plate forms (plants)  Cleavage furrow forms(animals)  Nucleus & nucleolus reform  Chromosomes uncoil copyright cmassengale

Telophase Plant Animal copyright cmassengale

Cytokinesis  Occurs after chromosomes separate  Cytoplasm pinches off in the center  Forms two, identical daughter cells copyright cmassengale

Cytokinesis Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells copyright cmassengale

Mitosis Overview List and describe the stages of mitosis. Interphase Cytokinesis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

1.Name the phases starting at the top.

1.Name the phase 2.Identify X 3.Identify Y

5. Name the phase

6. Name the phase