Electronic Paper

Flexible display - Flexible electronic paper based displays 1 Flexible electronic paper (e-paper) based displays were the first flexible displays conceptualized and prototyped. Though this form of flexible displays has a long history and were attempted by many companies, it is only recently that this technology began to see commercial implementations slated for mass production to be used in consumer electronic devices.

Flexible display - Electronic paper 1 Flexible displays using electronic paper technology commonly use Electrophoretic or Electrowetting technologies. However, each type of flexible electronic paper vary in specification due to different implementation techniques by different companies.

Electronic paper 1 Unlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, electronic paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper, theoretically making it more comfortable to read, and giving the surface a wider viewing angle compared to conventional displays

Electronic paper 1 Many electronic paper technologies can hold static text and images indefinitely without using electricity. Flexible electronic paper uses plastic substrates and plastic electronics for the display backplane. There is ongoing competition among manufacturers to provide full-color ability.

Electronic paper - Gyricon 1 The first electronic paper, called Gyricon, consisted of polyethylene spheres between 75 and 106 micrometers across

Electronic paper - Electrophoretic 1 Electrophoretic displays are considered prime examples of the electronic paper category, because of their paper-like appearance and low power consumption.

Electronic paper - Electrophoretic display 1 In 2005, Philips sold the electronic paper business as well as its related patents to Prime View International

Electronic paper - Electrophoretic display 1 One early version of electronic paper consists of a sheet of very small transparent capsules, each about 40 micrometres across. Each capsule contains an oily solution containing black dye (the electronic ink), with numerous white titanium dioxide particles suspended within. The particles are slightly negatively charged, and each one is naturally white.

Electronic paper - Electrofluidic 1 As reported in the May 2009 Issue of Nature Photonics, the technology can potentially provide >85% white state reflectance for electronic paper.

Electronic paper - Disadvantages 1 Electronic paper technologies have a very low refresh rate compared to other low-power display technologies, such as LCD. This prevents producers from implementing sophisticated interactive applications (using fast moving menus, mouse pointers or scrolling) like those which are possible on mobile devices. An example of this limit is that a document cannot be smoothly zoomed without either extreme blurring during the transition or a very slow zoom.

Electronic paper - Disadvantages 1 Electronic paper is still a topic in the R&D community and remains under development for manufacturability, marketability, and reliability considerations.

Electronic paper - Applications 1 Several companies are simultaneously developing electronic paper and ink. While the technologies used by each company provide many of the same features, each has its own distinct technological advantages. All electronic paper technologies face the following general challenges:

Electronic paper - Applications 1 Nevertheless, making electronic paper promises to be less complex and costly than making traditional LCDs.

Electronic paper - Applications 1 Advantages of electronic paper includes low power usage (power is only drawn when the display is updated), flexibility and better readability than most displays

Electronic paper - e-Books 1 In 2004 Sony released Librié EBR-1000EP in Japan, the first e-book reader with an electronic paper display. In September 2006 Sony released the PRS-500 Sony Reader e-book reader in the USA. On October 2, 2007, Sony announced the PRS-505, an updated version of the Reader. In November 2008, Sony released the PRS-700BC which incorporated a backlight and a touchscreen.

Electronic paper - e-Books 1 In November 2009 Barnes and Noble launched the Barnes & Noble Nook, running an Android Operating System. It differs from other big name readers in having a replaceable battery, and a separate touch-screen color LCD below the main electronic paper reading screen.

Electronic paper - Displays embedded in smart cards 1 Flexible display cards enable financial payment cardholders to generate a one-time password to reduce online banking and transaction fraud. Electronic paper offers a flat and thin alternative to existing key fob tokens for data security. The world’s first ISO compliant smart card with an embedded display was developed by Innovative Card Technologies and nCryptone in The cards were manufactured by Nagra ID.

Electronic paper - Status displays 1 Some devices, like USB flash drives, have used electronic paper to display status information, such as available storage space. Once the image on the electronic paper has been set, it requires no power to maintain, so the readout can be seen even when the flash drive is not plugged in.

Electronic paper - Electronic shelf labels 1 E-Paper based electronic shelf labels (ESL) are used to digitally display the prices at retail stores. Electronic paper based labels are updated via two-way infrared or radio technology.

Display examples - Electronic paper Electronic paper:[ projects.com/euprojects/diginews/publicati ons/Adapting%20production%20workflow %20processes%20for%20digital%20news print.pdf hitech-projects.com – E-paper production flow – Adapting production workflow processes for digital newsprint]

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