National Ambient Air Quality Standards Changes Walker Williamson Air Quality Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Advanced Air Permitting Seminar 2015

Today’s Topics Revisions to the 2015 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Impacts to Texas Update on 2010 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) NAAQS

2015 Revisions to the Ozone NAAQS

2015 Ozone NAAQS On October 1, 2015, the EPA revised the primary and secondary NAAQS for eight-hour ozone. Primary NAAQS protect public health: 2008 NAAQS: 0.075 parts per million (ppm) 2015 NAAQS: 0.070 ppm

2015 Ozone NAAQS Secondary NAAQS protect public welfare (trees, plants, ecosystems, etc.): 2008 NAAQS: 0.075 ppm 2015 NAAQS: 0.070 ppm Form is identical to the primary NAAQS but the target level is based on the W126 index. NAAQS is set in ppm but usually discussed in parts per billion (ppb).

Calculating Eight-Hour Ozone Design Values Find the fourth highest eight-hour daily peak at each monitor. Average those fourth highest values from the most recent three years; do this for each monitor. This is the design value for your monitor. The design value for a county or area is the maximum design value from all of the monitors located within that county or area.

Calculating Eight-Hour Ozone Design Values: An Example Monitor A has three years of complete data: The 4th Highest Peak Eight-Hour Ozone for Monitor A was 95 in 2009, 88 in 2010 and 86 in 2011. Mean of the 4th highest peak from each year Now truncate the average Eight-Hour Ozone 2013 2014 2015 Maximum Peak 87 85 86 2nd Highest Peak 83 80 3rd Highest Peak 70 78 75 4th Highest Peak 69 73 72 69+73+72 3 =71.334 71.334=𝟕𝟏 𝐩𝐩𝐛

Comparing Design Values to the NAAQS Design values must be greater than the NAAQS for an area to exceed. If a design value for an area is equal to the NAAQS, the area meets the standard. 2015 NAAQS set at 70 ppb (0.070 ppm): 70.99999 ppb 70 ppb MEETS NAAQS 71.00001 ppb 71 ppb EXCEEDS NAAQS

2015 Ozone NAAQS Implementation Schedule Final Rule – October 1, 2015 State Nonattainment Area Recommendations due to the EPA – October 1, 2016 EPA Response to State Recommendations – June 1, 2017 EPA Final Nonattainment Area Designations – October 1, 2017

2015 Ozone NAAQS Implementation Schedule Infrastructure and Transport Plans Due – October 2018 Emissions Inventories Due – October 2019 Attainment Plans Due – 2020 or 2021 Attainment Deadlines – 2020 to 2037

Final NAAQS and Designations Scheduled Designations Actual Designations NAAQS Final 1997 1999 2004 2008 2010 2012 2015 2017 ?

Impacts to Texas Impacts to Texas

Texas Air Quality Planning Areas PM10 = particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter

2015 Ozone Design Values by County CSA/CBSA County 2015 8Hr Ozone DV (ppb) Dallas—Fort Worth Denton 83 Tarrant 80 Houston—The Woodlands Brazoria Harris 79 San Antonio—New Braunfels Bexar 78 Collin 76 Dallas 75 Parker Hood 74 Montgomery 73 Johnson Galveston 72 El Paso—Las Cruces El Paso 71 Rockwall 70 Killeen-Temple Bell 69 Austin—Round Rock Travis 68 Beaumont—Port Arthur Jefferson Ellis Longview-Marshall Gregg Kaufman 67 Tyler-Jacksonville Smith Waco McLennan Amarillo-Borger Randall 66 Orange Harrison Navarro Corpus Christi—Kingsville—Alice Nueces 65 Hunt 64 No CSA Brewster Polk Victoria—Port Lavaca Victoria Laredo Webb 59 Brownsville-Harlingen Cameron 58 McAllen-Edinburg Hidalgo 54 CSA = Combined Statistical Area CBSA = Core Based Statistical Area DV = Design Value *2015 design values are calculated as of 9/29/2015 and subject to change. **The Brewster County, Randall County, and Polk County monitors are part of the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) of monitors and report data directly to the EPA.

2015 Ozone Design Values by CSA CSA/CBSA 2015 8Hr Ozone DV (ppb) Dallas—Fort Worth 83 Houston—The Woodlands 80 San Antonio—New Braunfels 78 El Paso—Las Cruces 71 Killeen-Temple 69 Austin—Round Rock 68 Beaumont—Port Arthur Longview-Marshall Tyler-Jacksonville 67 Waco Amarillo-Borger 66 Corpus Christi—Kingsville—Alice 65 Brewster County (No CSA) 64 Polk County (No CSA) Victoria—Port Lavaca Laredo 59 Brownsville-Harlingen 58 McAllen-Edinburg 54 *2015 design values are calculated as of 9/29/2015 and are subject to change. **The Brewster County, Randall County, and Polk County monitors are part of the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) of monitors and report data directly to the EPA.

Summary of Preliminary 2015 Ozone Design Values Based on preliminary 2015 ozone data: Six Texas counties in three CSAs are above the 2008 ozone NAAQS of 75 ppb. Seven additional Texas counties and one additional CSA (13 counties and 4 CSAs) are currently monitoring above 70 ppb. Only Bexar and El Paso counties are not currently designated nonattainment for ozone.

Example Classification Ranges Thresholds Based on Percent-Above- Standard Approach at 0.070 ppm Marginal 0.071 up to 0.081 ppm Moderate 0.081 up to 0.093 ppm Serious 0.093 up to 0.105 ppm Severe – 15 0.105 up to 0.111 ppm Severe – 17 0.111 up to 0.163 ppm Extreme 0.163 ppm or more

SIP Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment Areas EXTREME (20 Years) Clean Fuels and Controls for Boilers Traffic Controls During Congestion SEVERE (15-17 Years) VMT Growth Offset Major Source Fees for Failure to Attain (185 Fees) SERIOUS (9 Years) Enhanced Monitoring and I/M Modeled Attainment Demonstration 3% per Year VOC Reductions After 6 Years RFP Milestone Contingency Measures Clean Fuels Program VMT Demonstration MODERATE (6 Years) Basic I/M RACT & RACM Emissions Reductions Attainment Demonstration Contingency Measures RFP - 15% VOC Reductions within 6 years MARGINAL (3 Years) Emissions Inventory Emissions Statements Nonattainment NSR Program & Emissions Offsets RACT Fixups I/M Corrections Conformity SIP = State Implementation Plan NSR = New Source Review RACT = Reasonably Available Control Technology I/M = Inspection and Maintenance RACM = Reasonably Available Control Measures RFP = Request for Proposal VOC = volatile organic compounds VMT = vehicle miles traveled tpy = tons per year Major Source Threshold (TPY) 10 1.5 : 1 25 1.3 : 1 50 1.2 : 1 100 1.15 : 1 1.1 : 1 NSR Offset Ratios Nonattainment requirements compound as classification increases.

Sulfur Dioxide

2010 SO2 NAAQS In 2010, EPA revised SO2 NAAQS by establishing a new one-hour standard at 75 ppb. EPA completed the first round of nonattainment designations on July 5, 2013: Based on regulatory monitoring data, there were no nonattainment areas in Texas.

2010 SO2 NAAQS On March 3, 2015, enforceable order between the EPA and environmental groups: The agreement sets designation deadlines in 2016, 2017, and 2020. Designations scheduled for July 2, 2016 include sources with: 16,000 tons or more SO2 emissions in the Air Markets database in 2012; or more than 2,600 tons SO2 and an emission rate of at least 0.45 lbs SO2/MMBtu in 2012. lbs = pounds MMBtu = million British thermal unit

EPA-Identified Texas Sources for Designation by July 2, 2016 (Part 1) Facility County San Miguel Electric Plant Atascosa WA Parish Electric Generating Station Fort Bend Big Brown Steam Electric Station Freestone Coleto Creek Power Station Goliad Tolk Station Lamb Limestone Electric Generation Station Limestone

EPA-Identified Texas Sources for Designation by July 2, 2016 (Part 2) Facility County Sandy Creek Energy Station McLennan Sandow Steam Electric Station Milam Harrington Station Power Plant Potter Twin Oaks Robertson Martin Lake Electrical Station Rusk Monticello Steam Electric Station Titus

Recommendations for Designation by July 2, 2016 Recommendations made September 18, 2015. Counties with regulatory 2014 one-hour SO2 design values less than 75 ppb: Dallas, El Paso, Ellis, Galveston, Gregg, Harris, Jefferson, Kaufman, McLennan, Navarro, and Nueces All other Texas counties were recommended unclassifiable/attainment: This is consistent with the EPA’s March 20, 2015 designations guidance.

Data Requirements Rule EPA’s Data Requirements Rule: The rule includes criteria for sources that states must evaluate for compliance with the NAAQS through either modeling or monitoring. The threshold is set at 2,000 tons per year. There is an option to establish enforceable limits <2,000 tons per year.

Data Requirements Rule Key Dates List of sources meeting rule criteria due to EPA – January 15, 2016 List of monitored and modeled sources due to EPA – July 1, 2016 New monitors scheduled to be operational – January 1, 2017 Analyses for modeled sources due to EPA – January 13, 2017 Third year of data used to calculate design values for new monitors due to EPA – May 2020

Implementation Timeline Areas Associated with 2009-2011 Monitored Violations Round 1 Designations August 5, 2013 Designations Effective October 4, 2013 Attainment Demonstration SIP Due April 2015 Attainment Deadline October 2018 Areas Associated with Court Order and New Monitored Violations Round 2 July 2, 2016 By September 2016 March 2018 September 2021 Modeled Areas and Areas Without Monitors Round 3 December 31, 2017 By February 2018 August 2019 February 2023 Round 4 New Monitored Areas/All Remaining Areas December 31, 2020 By February 2021 August 2022 February 2026

Round 1: Areas with 2009-2011 Monitored Violations Designations August 5, 2013 August 5, 2013 Designations Effective October 4, 2013 October 4, 2013 Attainment SIP Due April 2015 April 2015 Attainment Deadline October 2018 October 2018

Round 2: Areas Associated with Court Order Designations July 2, 2016 July 2, 2016 Designations Effective By Sept. 2016 By September 2016 Attainment SIP Due March 2018 March 2018 Attainment Deadline September 2021 September 2021

Round 3: Modeled Areas and Areas Without Monitors Designations December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017 Designations Effective By February 2018 By February 2018 Attainment SIP Due August 2019 August 2019 Attainment Deadline February 2023 February 2023

Round 4: New Monitored Areas/All Remaining Areas Designations December 31, 2020 December 31, 2020 Designations Effective By February 2021 By February 2021 Attainment SIP Due August 2022 August 2022 Attainment Deadline February 2026 February 2026

Contact Information Walker Williamson: SIP Team Leader 512-239-3181 walker.williamson@tceq.texas.gov Join the SIP/Air Quality update e-mail list. The SIP/Air Quality update e-mail list can be found at www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/sip/sipcontact.html.