Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Beni Asllani University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Operations Management Chapter 8 Supplement Roberta Russell & Bernard W. Taylor, III Operational Decision-Making Tools: Work Measurement
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-2 Lecture Outline Time Studies Work Sampling
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-3 New Tools With this PDA, you can study elements, time, performance rate, and statistical confidence intervals can be created, edited, managed, and downloaded to a spreadsheet
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-4 Work Measurement Determining how long it takes to do a job Growing importance in service sector Services tend to be labor-intensive Service jobs are often repetitive Time studies Standard time is time required by an average worker to perform a job once incentive piece-rate wage system based on time study
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-5 Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps Establish standard job method Break down job into elements Study job Rate worker’s performance (RF) Compute average time (t)
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-6 Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps (cont.) Compute normal time Compute standard time Normal Cycle Time = NT = Nt Normal Time = (Elemental average) x (rating factor) Nt =(t )(RF) ST = (NT)(1 + AF) Standard Time = (normal cycle time) x (1 + allowance factor)
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-7 Performing a Time Study
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Supplement 8-8 Elemental Times Files Elemental standard time files predetermined job element times Predetermined motion times (for micro-motions) Time measurement units TMUs = minute 100,000 TMU = 1 hour Advantages worker cooperation unnecessary workplace uninterrupted performance ratings unnecessary consistent. Disadvantages ignores job context may not reflect skills and abilities of local workers