1. Work Measurement Vital inputs for: Standard Time
Manpower planning
Reducing labour costs
Scheduling
Budgeting
Designing incentive systems
Standard Time
Amount of time a qualified worker should spend to complete a specified task, working at sustainable rate, using given methods, tools and equipment, raw material and workplace
Most commonly used methods of work measurement:
Time study
Historical times
Predetermined data
Work sampling

2. Work Measurement Time Study Basic steps:
Most widely used method of work measurement
Especially appropriate for short, repetitive tasks
Average of a few properly trained workers’
performed time are taken as the standard
Basic steps:
Define the task to be studied, and inform the worker(s) who will be studied
Determine the number of cycles to be observed
Time the job and rate the performance
Compute the standard time
Breakdown of work into elements

3. Work Measurement Standard Elemental Time (SET)
derived from a firm’s own historical time study data
A time study department accumulates a file of elemental times that are common to many jobs
After a certain point, many elemental times can be retrieved from the file
Eliminate need for analysts to go through a complete time study to obtain those
Predetermined Time Standards (PDTS)
published data on standard elemental times
Commonly used system is Method-Time Measurement (MTM)
MTM tables are based on extensive research of basic elemental times

4. Work Measurement Work Sampling
is a technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and the idle time.
appropriate for long, non-repetitive tasks
Two primary uses:
Ratio-delay studies: concern the percentage of
worker’s time that involves unavoidable delays
Analysis of non-repetitive jobs: percentage of
time an employee spends doing various jobs

5. Work Measurement
Observed Time (OT): simply the average of the recorded times
Normal Time (NT): observed time adjusted for worker performance
Standard Time (ST): normal time required for a job plus
an allowance time for different delays
For job time
For time worked