Honors Marine Biology Module 4 October 18, 2012 Corals and Tube Worms

Class Challenge Exhibit your Art work

Quiz What is a spicule on a sponge? Define a Collar cell. Define and Draw the 3 Body Symmetry (Figure 4.5) Extra Credit: Name the 3 species of Mangroves.

A spicule is made up of Calcium carbonate or silica A spicule is made up of Calcium carbonate or silica. The spicules form the “skeleton” to support them so that they can stand upright in water. (2 points) A collar cell has a flagellum that moves to create currents of water which flow into the sponge. Surrounding the flagellum is a collar that traps food particles contained in the water. The collar cell can then ingest the food it collects. (4 points)

Three types of Body Symmetry Spherical Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry (6 points)

Extra Credit: (4 Points) Name 3 types of Mangroves: Red Black White Buttonwood

Algae Song http://youtu.be/l2cymXvLSrQ phaeophyta rhodophyta red and brown algae phyla multicellular diff tissue common use today is in thickening glue microscopic macroscopic filamentous too red algae sans flagella oooh phycobiliproteins give red its hue fucoxanthin brown not blue feather boa kelp and agarweed are here to represent this algal family

Florida Key Coral Reef Health

Anthoza Cnidarians http://youtu.be/rQDoSedAq4w USC students singing and anemone http://youtu.be/zkVo-H7bfxs soft corals http://youtu.be/RYVHK2vM1_Y Caution: Cnidarian Aneomone eating a fish http://youtu.be/NbpB5F9CcLc Super Jellyfish: box jellies

Class Anthozoa Represents the largest group of cnidarians. Corals and Sea Anemones – These organisms have a more complex structure than the hydrozoans or scyphozoans. Their gastrovascular cavity is lined with vertical partitions called Septa that provide greater surface area for digestion.

Location of Coral Reefs in the World

Corals Most corals are made up of colonies of individuals with layers of ectodermal cells that secrete protective walls of calcium carbonate into which the polyps can hide when threatened.

What makes many corals different from other anthozoans? They have cup-like walls around each polyp. These polyps remained attached to each one another after budding. This forms the coral reef. Reef building corals grow faster than other corals because they have the help of symbiotic dinoflagellates called zooxanthellae.

Zooxanthellae Produce carbon-containing compounds (like sugar) by photosynthesis, and they give some of those compounds to the corals. The corals then use the those compounds for energy, and they also use the carbon in those compounds to form the calcium carbonate they need to make the protective walls. Even through the corals get some food from the zooxanthelle, they also eat plankton that float in the water.

The Coral Span http://youtu.be/pnDJvhgPn8o

Other Notable Anthozoans Colonial anthozoans that form branching or elongated skeletons: Sea Fans Sea Plumes Black Corals Colonies that do not have hard skeletons: Soft Corals Sea Pens No skeletons: Sea Anemoes

Bilateral Worms Bilaterally symmetrical: Animals with this type of symmetry have a defined head end (anterior) and rear end (posterior), a right and a left side, and a top and bottom surface. Dorsal: Referring to the top (or back) surface of an animal. Ventral: Referring to the bottom (or belly) surface of an animal.

Bilateral Marine Worms Flatworms: Their dorsal and ventral sides are flat like a pancake. These flatworms have the simplest organization of organs and organ systems among all bilaterally symmetric animals. There are three types: Turbellarians Trematoda Tapeworms

Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism: A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where both benefit from the association. Commensalism: A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Parasitism: A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.

A mutualistic relationship is when two organisms of different species "work together," each benefiting from the relationship.

Commensalism: A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.

Parasitism: A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.

Tube worms

Experiment 4.B: Observation of Corals To observe, record and draw different species of corals.

Homework Finish OYO and Study guide questions for Module 4 Take Module 4 Test Read Module 5 pages: 97 – 107 Finish up Experiment 4.B: Observation of Corals Class challenge: Share your favorite impersonation