1. Animal Phyla: Porifera & Cnidaria

2. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Porifera means “__________________”
Their bodies are perforated with holes that lead to an inner water chamber
They pump water through these pores and expel it though_____________(large opening at top)

3. Anatomy of a Sponge F A G B D E C D E Key A) Osculum Pore Amoebocyte
D) Spicule
E) Choanocyte
F) Flagella
G) Microfilaments C D E E

4. Anatomy of a Sponge (Cont.)
_____________________(Choanocytes)
Inner layer of cells
Contain flagella and microfilaments
Flagella = suck water through pores
Microfilaments = trap food particles
___________________(Amebocytes)
Middle layer
Take up food from choanocytes, digest it, and carry nutrients to other cells
Form ________________
____________________
Scaffolding that give sponge shape
Used by scientists to identify different species of sponges

5. Water Flow in Sponges… Pores Internal Cavity  Osculum

6. Phylum Porifera (Cont.)
___________________(no symmetry)
Lack __________________
Represent the most ________ animals
They have been evolving the ___________!
Where do they live? (Habitat)
________________________________
How big are they? (Size)
_________________________

7. Phylum Porifera (Cont.)
What do they eat? (Diet)
______________________
Filter bacteria, protists, and small crustaceans from the water
How do they move?
Mobile _____________________
___________ (do not move) as adults

8. Phylum Porifera (Cont.)
How do they reproduce?
Asexually
____________________
Produce internal buds called ______________which grow into new sponges
Regeneration
Able to ________________ missing parts
Sexually
Both male and female sex cells made by _______________
Sperm released from _______________of one sponge and enters the _________________ of another sponge– sperm of one sponge fertilizes the egg of another sponge

9. Red Barrel Sponge
Image Source:

10. Branching Sponge

11. Tube Sponge

12. Indonesian Sponge

13. Examples of Sponge Spicules

14. Life Cycle of a Sponge Larva Released Sexual Reproduction
Egg and sperm meet
New sponge is not identical to parents
Flagella (movement)
Sperm
Egg
New Sponge
Dividing Cells
Larva

15. Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, & Corals)
Exhibit________Symmetry
2 Forms
__________
Sessile form (vase shape)
___________
Swimming form (umbrella shape)

16. Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
2 Body Layers
Epidermis (outer layer) & Gastrodermis (inner layer)
Mesoglea
Jelly-like substance in between inner and outer layer
Gastrovascular Cavity (GVC)
Empty space where digestion takes place

17. Anatomy
of a Jellyfish

18. Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
Cnidocytes and Nematocytes
_________________ =
specialized cells
used for defense
_____________ =
structures inside
the cnidocyte that
contain stinging filaments
The filaments have sharp tips that can inject _________________ into victims

19. Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
1st Nervous System
Porifera have _______ developed nervous system
Cnidarians have _________________system
No brain, but rather a loose collection of nerves called a __________________
___________________throughout the whole body

20. Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
Where do they live? (Habitat)
Mostly ______________
____________ found in fresh water
How big are they? (Size)
Can be up to 6.5 feet in diameter and have ~_________________long tentacles

21. Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
What do they eat? How do they eat?
Tentacles _______________________.
Nematocysts ___________ poison.
_____________ push food into mouth
How do they move?
If mobile, move by contraction and expansion of body

22. Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
How do they reproduce?
Asexually
Budding & Regeneration
Sexually
Adult ____________releases ________ and __________ into the water where external fertilization takes place  zygote
Zygote forms the ___________________ (hollow ball of cells) and then forms a ___________ (ciliated larva)
______________attaches to the ocean floor and develops mouth and tentacles
Stacks of _______________ form and then detach to form individual jellyfish

23. Life Cycle of Jellyfish
Adult Female Medusa
Adult Male
Medusa
Young Medusa
Sperm
Egg
Blastula
Planula
Polyp

24. Class: Hydrozoa Portugese Man-of-War Hydra Found in tropical oceans
Polyp form found in __________________
Portugese Man-of-War
Found in tropical oceans
Very _________________
to fish
and
even
humans

25. Class: Scyphozoa Over ___species Common jellyfish exist as
both _______
_____________
Image Source:

26. Class: Anthozoa Includes __________________________ Corals
All marine
Medusa stage ________________________
Corals
Are polyps that live in _______________________
Use nutrients from algae for energy
________________________________
Largest coral colony on earth
_______________________
Are polyps that use poisonous tentacles to feed on small fish

27. Coral Reef
Coral Polyps

28. Sea Anemone
Image Source:

29. Cnetophora (Comb Jellies)
Cnetophora are technically a _____________________from Cnidaria, but they are closely related.
For our purposes, we’ll group comb jellies with __________
Cnetophora
Found in ______________
______________________