BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 ORGANIZING  Grouping of activities necessary to attain common objectives and the assigning of each grouping to a manager.  Informal Organizations

BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 DIVISION OF LABOR  Job Scope: Number of different types of operations performed on the job.  Narrow scope tends to result in problems.  Can fix narrow scope with more scope or job rotation.  Job Depth: The freedom of employees to plan and organize their own work, work at their own pace, and move around and communicate as desired.  A lack of depth can result in job dissatisfaction and work avoidance.

BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 ORGANIZING ESSENTIALS  Power: Ability to influence, command, or apply force.  Authority: Legitimate exercise of power.  Responsibility: Accountability for attainment of objectives, use of resources, and adherence to policies.

BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 AUTHORITY PRINCIPLES  Parity Principle: Authority and responsibility must coincide.  Exception Principle (management by exception): Managers should focus only on matters that deviate from the norm and let subordinates handle routine matters.  Unity of Command Principle: An employee should have one, and only one, immediate manager.

BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 AUTHORITY PRINCIPLES  Scalar Principle (chain of command): Authority flows through the chain of managers one link at a time.  Span of Management (span of control): The number of subordinates a manager can effectively manage.  Traditional view = 5 or 6 subordinates, but recent viewpoints contend the number can be higher (situational factors).

BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 ORGANIZING ESSENTIALS  Centralization: Little authority is delegated to lower levels of management.  Decentralization: A great deal of authority is delegated to lower levels of management.  Empowerment

BUSI 321GOLDENCHAPTER 8 THE CHANGING WORKPLACE  Flextime  Telecommuting  Job Sharing