1. Classical Approaches to Organizational Communication
John Orman
Comm 168

2. The Machine Metaphor Organizations functioned much like a machine
3 Aspects:
Specialization
Standardization or Replaceability
Predictability

3. Specialization
Every part has a specific function

4. Standardization
Parts in one machine, are the same as those in a similar machine

5. Predictability Rules govern the way a machine is built
When broken, only a finite number of solutions
Should always be fixable

6. Fayol’s Theory of Classical Management
Elements (5)
Planning
Organizing
Command
Coordination
Control

7. Classical Management Scalar Chain – Strict vertical hierarchy
Unity of Command – Receive orders from only one supervisor
Unity of Direction – Similar goals for single supervisor
Division of Labor – Limited tasks for employees
Order – Appointed place for each employee
Span of Control – Limited power for managers

8. Relationships in Organizations
Organizational Power
Organizational Reward
Organizational Attitude

9. Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy
Function of Authority
Traditional – based on long standing beliefs

10. Function of Authority
Charismatic Authority – power based on personality and ability to attract and interact with followers

11. Functions of Authority
Rational-Legal Authority – based on rules developed through a reliance on information and expertise
Every leader has power made legitimate by the system of rational norms

12. Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management
One best way to do every job
Proper selection of workers for the job
Importance of training workers

13. Classical Management in Modern Organizations
Each modern system has classic values