Introduction to human population: watch these videos 1) National Geographic 7 billion movie 1) National Geographic 7 billion movie 2) National Geographic Movie: Typical human 2) National Geographic Movie: Typical human 3) NPR population simulation 3) NPR population simulation

There can be no peace in the world so long as a large proportion of the population lack the necessities of life and believe that a change of the political and economic system will make them available. World peace must be based on world plenty. John B. Orr There can be no peace in the world so long as a large proportion of the population lack the necessities of life and believe that a change of the political and economic system will make them available. World peace must be based on world plenty. John B. Orr John B. Orr John B. Orr "Unlike plagues of the dark ages or contemporary diseases we do not understand, the modern plague of overpopulation is soluble by means we have discovered and with resources we possess. What is lacking is not sufficient knowledge of the solution but universal consciousness of the gravity of the problem and education of the billions who are its victim." "Unlike plagues of the dark ages or contemporary diseases we do not understand, the modern plague of overpopulation is soluble by means we have discovered and with resources we possess. What is lacking is not sufficient knowledge of the solution but universal consciousness of the gravity of the problem and education of the billions who are its victim." --Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader and Nobel laureate--Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader and Nobel laureate

"What becomes of the surplus of human life? It is either, 1st. destroyed by infanticide, as among the Chinese and Lacedemonians; or 2d. it is stifled or starved, as among other nations whose population is commensurate to its food; or 3d. it is consumed by wars and endemic diseases; or 4th. it overflows, by emigration, to places where a surplus of food is attainable." --James Madison, 1791, U.S. President "The key problem facing humanity in the coming century is how to bring a better quality of life -- for 8 billion or more people -- without wrecking the environment entirely in the attempt." --Edward O. Wilson, scientist, Pulitzer prize winning author and father of biodiversity "Once it was necessary that the people should multiply and be fruitful if the race was to survive. But now to preserve the race it is necessary that people hold back the power of propagation." --Helen Keller, world-renowned deaf and blind author and lecturer

Chapter 5: The Human Population

World Population Growth

Different countries, different trends I=PxAxT Impact is proportional to population, affluence and technology Environmental Impact can be attributed to population size, affluence of lifestyle and stewardship Environmental Impact can be attributed to population size, affluence of lifestyle and stewardship Rich nations: negative environmental impact due to affluence, not numbers Rich nations: negative environmental impact due to affluence, not numbers Poor nations: negative environmental impact due to numbers not affluence Poor nations: negative environmental impact due to numbers not affluence

Calculating Population Growth Increase in population= Increase in population= Birth rate-death rate +immigrants-emigrants Increase/original x 100 = percent growth rate Note: birth rates and death rates are often given per 1000 people, so they may need to be converted first before adding and subtracting immigrants and then by dividing by original population. Note: birth rates and death rates are often given per 1000 people, so they may need to be converted first before adding and subtracting immigrants and then by dividing by original population. Example: If a city of population 10,000 experiences a birth rate of 10, a death rate of 4, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate? answer = 0.40%

Calculating Doubling Time: The time it takes for a country to double its population= 70/percent growth rate Examples: if a population is growing at an annual rate of.5%, the number of years it will take for that population to double can be found by dividing 70 by.5, or DT = 70/.5 = 140 years. Examples: if a population is growing at an annual rate of.5%, the number of years it will take for that population to double can be found by dividing 70 by.5, or DT = 70/.5 = 140 years. Calculate the doubling time for a population growing at 2.5%. Calculate the doubling time for a population growing at 2.5%. Answer = 70/2.5 = 28 years Why the rule of 70? Why the rule of 70? Why the rule of 70? Why the rule of 70?

USA vs. Iraq

Chapter 6: Issues in Population and Development Factors affecting family size Factors affecting family size Security in one’s old ageSecurity in one’s old age Infant and childhood mortalityInfant and childhood mortality Helping handsHelping hands Importance of educationImportance of education Status of womenStatus of women Availability of contraceptivesAvailability of contraceptives

Millennium Development Goals (p150): 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Forge a global partnership for development

World Agencies at Work World Bank: helps international reconstruction and development. Historically, protection of the environment was not a priority. World Bank: helps international reconstruction and development. Historically, protection of the environment was not a priority. United Nations Development Program: provides resources and experience to help improve lives United Nations Development Program: provides resources and experience to help improve lives Others: FAO and WHO Others: FAO and WHO

Debt Relief and Development Aid necessary to outweigh the harmful effects of liquidating ecosystem capital for short-term needs. necessary to outweigh the harmful effects of liquidating ecosystem capital for short-term needs. Social modernization moves towards improving health and education Social modernization moves towards improving health and education Grameen Bank started the practice of microlending. (Muhammad Yunus) Grameen Bank started the practice of microlending. (Muhammad Yunus) In Cairo 1994, International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD): “It is not just important to count people but to make sure every person counts.” In Cairo 1994, International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD): “It is not just important to count people but to make sure every person counts.”International Conference on Population and DevelopmentInternational Conference on Population and Development

Poverty Cycle