Which Journal to Publish in and How Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH Professor, Texas A&M University Knowledge Community Editor, AuthorAID

Deciding Whether (or When) to Publish Some factors to consider: quality of the work, extent of the work, interest to others Suggestions: – Seek guidance in this regard from others in your field who are more experienced in publishing journal articles. – Present your work orally first. Doing so can help in deciding whether the work is publishable and in shaping the paper.

Identifying a Target Journal Decide early (before drafting the paper). Do not write the paper and then look for a journal. (Why?) Look for journals that have published work similar to yours. Consider journals that have published work you cite.

Some Factors to Consider Audience Prestige Access Impact Publication time Quality of reproduction Likelihood of acceptance

Which audience(s) are you trying to reach? Researchers? Policymakers? Professionals? Educators? The media? The public? Other?

Access—Some Aspects Open accessibility (availability free of charge on the World Wide Web) – Immediately upon publication or – After a lag period Availability of print versions Ease of finding content – Because of indexing in bibliographic databases – Because of identification by search engines

Impact Factor Appears in Journal Citation Reports (associated with Science Citation Index) A measure of how much articles in a journal tend to be cited – Impact Factor: average number of times that articles published in the journal in the past 2 years have been cited in a given year – 5-year Impact Factor: average number of times that articles published in the journal in the past 5 years have been cited in a given year In general, journals with high impact factors tend to be more scientifically important and more prestigious.

Impact Factor—Some Limitations Does not say how much a specific article was cited Reflects only citations in some journals Not available for every journal Does not reflect older citations Not valid for comparing journals in different fields Other

Impact: Aspects Other Than Impact Factor Effect on policy Influence on professional or other guidelines Effect on practice Coverage in the media Inclusion in teaching Other

Some Research Frank E. Authors’ criteria for selecting journals. JAMA 1994;272: Presents findings at one medical school Finding: criteria for differed for first and later submissions of a paper – Most important for first submission of paper: journal's prestige; journal's readership; whether the journal usually publishes articles on the topic – Most important for later submissions: likelihood of manuscript acceptance; whether the journal usually publishes articles on the topic

Journals’ Instructions to Authors Usual locations: in the journal and on the journal’s Web site A collection of instructions from biomedical journals: Examples of instructions to authors: – Water Research Water Research – Water Science and Technology Water Science and Technology – Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Water, Air, and Soil Pollution

Instructions to Authors (cont) More examples of instructions to authors: – Water Resources Management Water Resources Management – Advances in Water Resources Advances in Water Resources – Urban Water Journal Urban Water Journal – Environmental Management Environmental Management – Water Policy Water Policy – Policy Sciences Policy Sciences

Using the Journal’s Instructions Read the instructions to authors before starting to prepare your paper. Consult the instructions while preparing your paper. Check the instructions again before submitting your paper.

Some Questions the Instructions May Answer What categories of article does the journal publish? What is the maximum length of articles? What is the maximum length of abstracts? Does the journal have a template for articles? If so, how can it be accessed? What sections should the article include? What are the guidelines for each?

Some Questions (cont) What guidelines should be followed regarding writing style? How many figures and tables are allowed? What are the requirements for them? In what format should references appear? Is there a maximum number of references? In what electronic format should the paper be prepared?

Beyond the Instructions Look at some recent issues of the journal. Doing so can help you gear your paper to the journal. Examples of items to notice – Structures of titles – Lengths of sections of paper – Numbers of figures and tables – Technical level of writing

Thank you!