1. Salha Jokhab, Msc 222 PHCL Pharmacy Literature

2. Objectives Brief description of the literature used in pharmacy, its structure and format. Tips for writing for publication.

3. Outline When to Contribute to Literature. Structure of The medical Literature. Process of writing articles for publication

4. When to Contribute to Literature Its never too early to begin contributing to pharmacy literature. As a pharmacy students you already are experiencing a part of the culture & traditions of pharmacy through assignments and reports.

5. Structure of The medical Literature Much of scientific and medical literature, including the pharmacy, is divided into 3 categories : 1. Primary literature: original research article & case reports. 2. Secondary literature: Abstracting or indexing services that provide information about where to look in the primary literature. 3. Tertiary literature: books and other summaries of broad topics.

6. Structure of The medical Literature Abstract :A short (100 or 200 words) summary of an article.

7. Primary literature E.g. Randomized controlled trials in Annals of PharmacotherapyRandomized controlled trials

8. Secondary Literature 1. Abstracting or indexing services: (IPA) International Pharmaceutical Abstracts.  It was created by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists.  It electronically provides abstracts of pharmacy literature from around the world.

9. Secondary Literature 1. Abstracting or indexing services: Two other key indexing services useful for both pharmacist and student pharmacist are: Index Medicus, and Science Citation Index.

12. Secondary Literature Index Medicus is the indexing publication of the National Library of Medicine, and is available online as Pubmed (www.pubmed.gov).www.pubmed.gov Science Citation Index (CSI) is a publication of the Institute of Scientific Information in Philadelphia.

13. Tertiary Literature Textbooks  Applied therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs.  Pharmacotherapy.: A pathophysiologic approach. Review articles about diseases, drugs and other pharmacy topics.

14. Process of writing articles for publication

15. Printing Copyediting Peer review Manuscript submission Manuscript revision process Preparation of the manuscript

16. Writing for Publication Academic publishing describes the subfield of publishing which distributes academic research. Most academic work is published in journal article, book or thesis form.

17. Writing for Publication Think about what you want to say Look at the journal you want to submit your article Write your Article like those in the section you think the content of your article will fit. Once the topic has been identified, the next step is to read articles that have already been published. Review the instructions for authors of the publication.

18. Writing for Publication General tips:  Read books about writing well  Regularly read publications that are well written and well edited.  Take courses in grammar and other skills  Become familiar with word processing software, as well as other programs such as SPSS and reference manager.

19. Writing for Publication General tips:  Utilize dictionaries, thesaurus and spell check options.  Keep in mind the intended audience.  Develop a system for writing.  Write, rewrite and revise.  Have your writing critiqued by professors, colleagues whose skills are well developed and you trust. Listen to their comments, don’t take it personally.

20. Writing for Publication Begin with the easiest part. Method Tables, figures ResultsDiscussion Conclusion and introduction references

21. Writing for Publication Revision process for manuscript:  Goals and technique. Submission for publication.

22. Peer review process Analysis of submitted articles by experts who are not part of the journal's staff. It is often used to determine an academic paper's suitability for publication.

23. Peer review process Editors decision:  Accept for publication.  Revise before publication.  Clarify before a decision can be reached.  Reject.

24. Peer review process Double blinded system. Partially blinded system. Fully open system.

25. Copyediting Correction and preparation of a manuscript for typesetting and printing.

26. Galley proofs Typeset version of the article that are provided to editors and usually to authors for a final check of spelling, style, and accuracy.

27. Printing

28. Writer's block The biggest obstacle to writing is writer's block. It’s a psychological phenomenon that every writer in the world has experienced. Primarily associated with writing as a profession, in which an author loses the ability to produce new work.

29. Writer's block The condition varies widely in intensity:  It can be temporary difficulty in dealing with the task at hand.  At the other extreme, some "blocked" writers have been unable to work for years.  Some have even abandoned their careers.

30. Many pharmacists are good writers; to most of them, including the widely published stars, writing does not come naturally or easily. They sweat over their masterpieces, word after word, draft after crumpled draft. Most good writers have achieved this distinction through hard work. They have high standards and the perceptiveness to recognize when their work is only half done. William A. Zellmer 1981