Smart Grid 101 - Introduction Erich W. Gunther Chairman and CTO EnerNex Corporation erich@enernex.com

All Session Agenda Session 1 – Power System Infrastructure Erich W. Gunther – Introduction to the Smart Grid 101 Course Aaron Snyder – Overview Russ Neal – Key concepts and opportunities Erich W. Gunther – Renewable integration Session 2 – Smart Devices Joe Hughes – device information models Brad Singletary – In premise devices Erich W. Gunther – Substation and distribution devices Session 3 – Integrating, managing, securing Wayne Longcore – Integrating and managing Darren Highfill - Securing Erich W. Gunther – Standards Based Interoperability http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/_SmartGridInterimRoadmap/SecondDraftInterimRoadmap

A Smart Grid: Makes use of communications, computing and power electronics to create a system that is: Self-Healing and Adaptive Interactive with consumers and markets Optimized to make best use of resources and equipment Predictive rather than reactive, to prevent emergencies Distributed across geographical and organizational boundaries Integrated, merging monitoring, control, protection, maintenance, EMS, DMS, marketing, and IT More Secure from attack

Merging Two Infrastructures Electrical Infrastructure “Intelligence” Infrastructure

The Smart Grid

Smart Grid Applications Real-time Simulation and Contingency Analysis Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing Participation in Energy Markets Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!

What is the Smart Grid – EISA 2007 The term Smart Grid Functions shall include: Ability to store, send and receive digital information through a combination of devices Ability to do same to or from a computer or control device Ability to measure and monitor as a function of time of day, power quality, source and type of generation, etc Ability to sense disruptions in power flows and communicate on such instantaneously Ability to detect, respond to, recover, etc relative to security threats Ability of appliances and equipment to respond without human intervention Ability to use digital information for grid operations that were previously electromechanical or manual Ability to use digital controls to manage demand, congestion, and provide ancillary services

How is the Smart Grid Created? The smart grid is not created all at once – it will evolve over many years from today’s infrastructure through the deployment and integration of Intelligent Systems

The Approach Start with existing systems Progressively link them together Add new knowledge and technologies to create NEW intelligent systems with Wider scope Greater ability to adapt Capabilities not originally forseen The architectural response to challenges such as these is to integrate existing intelligent systems together into more sophisticated systems with wider scope and a greater ability to adapt. New technology and new ideas act as a catalyst and a “glue” to integrate the systems together. The next few slides present some examples.

NIST Conceptual Model The conceptual model consists of several domains, each of which contains many applications and actors that are connected by interfaces: Actors may be devices, computer systems or software programs and/or the organizations that own them. Actors have the capability to make decisions and exchange information with other actors through interfaces. Applications are the tasks performed by the actors within the domains. Some applications may be performed by a single actor, others by several actors working together. Domains group actors together for the purpose of simplification to discover the commonalities that will define the interfaces. In general, actors in the same domain have similar objectives. Communications within the same domain may have similar characteristics and requirements. Domains may contain other domains. The domains of the Smart Grid are listed briefly in Table 1 and discussed in more detail in the sections that follow. In Figure 3, domains are shown as clouds. Table 1 - Domains in the Smart Grid Conceptual Model Domain Actors in the Domain Customers The end users of electricity. May also generate it, store it, and manage its use. There are three types of customers, each with its own domain: home, commercial/building, and industrial. Markets The operators and participants in electricity markets Service Providers The organizations providing services to electrical customers and utilities Operations The managers of the movement of electricity Generation The generators of electricity in bulk quantities. May also store energy for later generation. Transmission The carriers of bulk electricity over long distances. May also store and generate electricity. Distribution The distributors of electricity to and from customers. May also store and generate electricity. It is important to note that that domains are NOT organizations. For instance, an ISO or RTO may have actors in both the Markets and Operations domains. Similarly, a distribution utility is not entirely contained within the Distribution domain. It is likely to also contain actors in the Operations domain, such as a Distribution Management System, and in the Customer domain, such as meters Interfaces show either electrical connections or communications connections. In Figure 3, the electrical interfaces are shown as yellow lines and the communications interfaces are shown in blue. In concept, each of these interfaces may be bi-directional. Communications interfaces represent an information exchange between two domains or actors; they do not represent physical connections. For instance, the interface between the Operations and Customer domains may include several different types of physical connections, wired or wireless, constituting wide or local area networks. Source: NIST

Thank you! Comments welcome! Further questions and comments: erich@enernex.com