Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Solid, Liquid, and Gas Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu States of Matter Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu States of Matter Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Properties of Solids Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Liquid Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Properties of Liquids Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Gas Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Theory Here are the main points of the kinetic theory of matter: All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature of the substance, the faster the particles move. At the same temperature, more-massive (heavier) particles more slower than less-massive (lighter) particles. Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Molecular Theory Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Theory, continued The states of matter differ physically from one another. Particles of a solid, such as iron, are in fixed positions. In a liquid, such as cooking oil, the particles are closely packed, but they can slide past each other. Gas particles are in a constant state of motion and rarely stick together. Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Theory, continued Solids have a definite shape and volume. The structure of a solid is rigid, and the particles have almost no freedom to change position. Crystalline solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules. Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules that are in no particular order. Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Theory, continued Liquids change shape, but not volume. The particles in a liquid move more rapidly than those of a solid—fast enough to overcome the forces of attraction between them. The particles in a liquid can slide past each other, flowing freely. Liquids can take the shape of the container they are put into. Liquids have surface tension, the force acting at the surface of a liquid that causes a liquid, such as water, to form spherical drops. Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Theory, continued Gases are free to spread in all directions. The particles of a gas move fast enough to break away from each other. The space between gas particles can change, so a gas expands to fill the available space. A gas can also be compressed to a smaller volume. Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Kinetic Theory, continued Plasma is the most common state of matter. Plasma is a state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized. Plasmas conduct electric current, while gases do not. Natural plasmas are found in lightning and fire. The glow of a fluorescent light is caused by an artificial plasma, created by passing electric currents through gases. Section 1 Matter and Energy Chapter 3