The Tide of War Turns

I. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville

A. Fredericksburg

1. Frustrated by McClellan’s Lincoln replaced him with Ambrose Burnside 2. Burnside went after Richmond through Fredericksburg 3. Was slowed down waiting for supplies to cross the Rappahannock 4. Burnside order a retreat after suffering heavy casualties USA – 12,600 CSA 5, Burnside stepped down and was replaced by Joseph Hooker Burnside Hooker McClellan

B. Chancellorsville

1. April 1863 Hooker’s men attacked Fredericksburg 2. He sent the majority off to approach the Confederate’s flank and took a defensive position in Chancellorsville 3. Lee used most of his men to attack and cut the Union in two – they were forced to retreat 4. Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s most trusted General was accidently killed by his own men Jackson Lee

II. Battle of Gettysburg

A. First Day

1. Lee was hoping for a victory in the North as he made his way towards Pennsylvania 2. A confederate raiding party went to Gettysburg for boots and other supplies – they ran into Union forces and exchanged fire

3. The Union regrouped and took a defensive position 4. Lee’s second in command Longstreet suggested that they move east and take defensive positions as well – Lee said no, he thought his troops were invincible Lee and Longstreet

B. Second Day

1. Lee attempted to capture an area called Little Round Top 2. The Union position was saved by Colonel Chamberlain Joshua Chamberlain

C. Pickett’s Charge

1. Day Three Lee against Longstreet’s recommendation attack the center of the Union line at Cemetery Ridge 2. Confederates attempted to weaken the Union with artillery, their barrage did little damage 3. In the late afternoon Pickett led the failed Confederate charge 4. With the arrival of Union reinforcements, Lee retreated 5. Meade did not pursue Pickett Meade Pickett’s Charge

D. Aftermath of Gettysburg

1. Gettysburg was the turning point of the war, along with the victory at Vicksburg 2. Northerners now believed the North could win 3. After Gettysburg Britain and France refused to help the Confederates – Cotton Diplomacy had failed

E. The Gettysburg Address

1. Was given on November 19, Honored the men that died at Gettysburg 3. Reminded people of the reasons why the war was being fought

III. Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy

A. Wilderness Campaign in the East 1. Series of battles designed to capture Richmond 2. Union forces suffered losses twice as high as the Confederates – Grant knew he was getting more

B. Sherman Strikes the South 1. Lincoln needed a victory to help with his reelection campaign – Provided by William Tecumseh Sherman 2. Sherman took Atlanta and then moved on to Savannah, using total war – destroying everything in his path

IV. The South Surrenders

A. Fighting Ends 1. By the Second week of April 1865 Grant had Lee surrounded and had cut off his escaped route 2. April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant in the small town of Appomattox Courthouse 3. Lee’s men were allowed to keep their horses and were not tried for treason

B. The Effects of the War ,000 Americans died 2. Slavery ended 3. The Southern economy was ruined 4. Hostility remained between the North and South