美国文学 Unit 9 F. Scott Fitzgerald ( ) and Ernest Hemingway ( )

The “Roaring Twenties” The “Roaring Twenties” The conflicts (“cultural Civil War”) between city and small-towns, Protestants and Catholics, blacks and whites, “New Women” and advocates of old- fashioned family values are the most important part of the story of the Roaring Twenties. The conflicts (“cultural Civil War”) between city and small-towns, Protestants and Catholics, blacks and whites, “New Women” and advocates of old- fashioned family values are the most important part of the story of the Roaring Twenties. flappers

The Jazz Age The Jazz Age: Fitzgerald coined the phrase in 1922 to describe the flamboyant—“anything goes”—era that emerged in America after World War I and before the Great Depression. The Jazz Age: Fitzgerald coined the phrase in 1922 to describe the flamboyant—“anything goes”—era that emerged in America after World War I and before the Great Depression. A legend of “America’s adolescence before pain set in”, “not so much a historical period as a legend of glitter, of recklessness, and of talent in such profusion that it was sown broadcast like wild oats.” (Malcolm Cowley) A legend of “America’s adolescence before pain set in”, “not so much a historical period as a legend of glitter, of recklessness, and of talent in such profusion that it was sown broadcast like wild oats.” (Malcolm Cowley)

F. Scott Fitzgerald ( ) Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of the Jazz Age with a double vision. Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of the Jazz Age with a double vision. His doubleness and irony present a panorama of the Jazz Age with a deep insight. His doubleness and irony present a panorama of the Jazz Age with a deep insight. The juxtaposition of post-war boom years and its doom and failure is easily recognizable in Fitzgerald’s novels and stories. The juxtaposition of post-war boom years and its doom and failure is easily recognizable in Fitzgerald’s novels and stories.

The Great Gatsby (1925) It is viewed as the document of the twenties, “so much so that had it not been written the twenties would actually seem diminished.” It is viewed as the document of the twenties, “so much so that had it not been written the twenties would actually seem diminished.” The bankruptcy of the American Dream: the disillusionment of the protagonists’ personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic vision of life and the sordid reality. The bankruptcy of the American Dream: the disillusionment of the protagonists’ personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic vision of life and the sordid reality. Gatsby, the “Idealistic Materialism” as Gatsby, the “Idealistic Materialism” as the core of the paradox. the core of the paradox.

Novels Novels This Side of Paradise (1920); This Side of Paradise (1920); The Beautiful and Damned (1922); The Beautiful and Damned (1922); The Great Gatsby (1925); The Great Gatsby (1925); Tender Is the Night (1934); Tender Is the Night (1934); The Love of the Last Tycoon (1941) The Love of the Last Tycoon (1941) Collections of short stories: Collections of short stories: Flappers and Philosophers (1921) Flappers and Philosophers (1921) Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)

Ernest Hemingway ( ) Being fond of sports since his childhood; Being fond of sports since his childhood; “To get into the thick of it” and the sense of the need to experience or observe war at close quarters as a young man; “To get into the thick of it” and the sense of the need to experience or observe war at close quarters as a young man; Being trained in the economy of expression as a journalist after the War; The Lost Generation Being trained in the economy of expression as a journalist after the War; The Lost Generation Writing about the loss of value and demoralization. Writing about the loss of value and demoralization.

The Themes Is life a battle? Is life a battle? How to live with courage and grace under pressure? How to live in the emptiness of world? How to live with courage and grace under pressure? How to live in the emptiness of world? Are there any possibility of heroism? Are there any possibility of heroism?

The Techniques The colloquial style: as “Papa Hemingway”, his short sentences and very specific details. A writer has got to catch “the whiteness of the bone”. The colloquial style: as “Papa Hemingway”, his short sentences and very specific details. A writer has got to catch “the whiteness of the bone”. The iceberg principle: “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it under water for every part that shows. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eighth of it being above water. ” The iceberg principle: “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it under water for every part that shows. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eighth of it being above water. ”

The Old Man and the Sea (1952) Old Santiago, the boy, the fish Old Santiago, the boy, the fish “No one should be alone in their “No one should be alone in their old age … but it is unavoidable … old age … but it is unavoidable … I wish I had the boy. I wish the boy I wish I had the boy. I wish the boy was here.” was here.” “ An optimistic tragedy ” ? Why? “ An optimistic tragedy ” ? Why? The Old Man and the Heroism The Old Man and the Heroism (Hemingway family with marlins) (Hemingway in the cabin of his boat Pilar)

The Sun Also Rises (1926) The Sun Also Rises (1926) A Farewell to Arms (1929) A Farewell to Arms (1929) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) The Old Man and the Sea (1951) The Old Man and the Sea (1951)

Thank you! Thank you!