1. UNIT FOURTEEN MODERNISM FITZGERALD 《美国文学》 四川师范大学外国语学院

2. "Defining modernism is a difficult task.... A historical definition would say that modernism is the artistic movement in which the artist's self-consciousness about questions of form and structure became uppermost.... In brief, modernism asks us to consider what we normally understand by the center and the margins." - Heath Anthology, Vol. 2, 4th ed., 887-888.

3. Prose: Gertrude Stein (1871—1946) Sherwood Anderson (1876—1941) H. L. Mencken (1880—1956) Sinclair Lewis (1885—1951) Eugene O’Neill (1888—1953) Katherine Anne Porter (1890—1980) Jean Toomer (1894—1967) John Dos Passos (1896—1970) F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896—1940) William Faulkner (1897—1962) Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961) Thomas Wolfe (1900—1938) Zora Neale Hurston (1901—1960) Langston Hughes (1902—1967) John Steinbeck (1902—1968) Nathanael West (1903—1940) Richard Wright (1908—1960)

4. Poetry: Robert Frost (1875—1963) Carl Sandburg (1878—1967) Wallace Stevens (1879—1955) William Carlos Williams (1883—1963) Ezra Pound (1885—1972) Robinson Jeffers (1887—1962) Marianne Moore (1887—1972) T. S. Eliot (1888—1965) John Crowe Ransom (1888—1974) E. E. Cummings (1884—1962) Hart Crane (1899—1932) Allen Tate (1899—1979) Langston Hughes (1902—1967) Countee Cullen (1903—1946)

5. The Centers of Modernism: 1. Stylistic innovations - disruption of traditional syntax and form. 2. Artist's self-consciousness about questions of form and structure. 3. Obsession with primitive material and attitudes. 4. International perspective on cultural matters.

6. Modern Themes: 1. Collectivism versus the authority of the individual. 2. The impact of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. 3. The Jazz Age. 4. The passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote. 5.Prohibition of the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, 1920-33. 6. The stock-market crash of 1929 and the Depression of the 1930s and their impact. (Paul P. Reuben)Paul P. Reuben

7. Francis Scott Fitzgerald （ 1896-1940 ） : Photos of F. Scott Fitzgerald

8. Francis Scott Fitzgerald （ 1896-1940 ） : Zelda Fitzgerald (1900– 1947) Scott and Zelda in 1926

9. Main Works Novels: This Side of Paradise (1920) The Beautiful and Damned (1922) The Great Gatsby (1925) Tender Is the Night (1934) The Last Tycoon (1940 unfinished)

10. Collections of stories: Flappers and Philosophers (1920) Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) All the Sad Young Men (1926) Taps at Rveille (1935) Play: The Vegetable (1923)

11. Tales of the Jazz Age Definition of fantasy Traits of fantasy

12. The Diamond as big as the Ritz Questions for discussion 1. How did Braddock Washington’s father become rich? 2. Did any of the other visitors manage to get away? 3. What do you think of the love affair between John and Kismine? 4. What kind of a man do you think Braddock Washington is? 5. What can we learn from the story? 6. Say something about fantasy as a literary genre.