WARM UP Wednesday, March 20, 2013 Which process creates a protein (RNA to protein)?

Bacteria Notes

Objectives 1)Identify the parts of a bacterial cell. 2)Describe real world roles bacteria fill in our environment.

REVIEW: 2 Kingdoms 1) Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria) –Largest bacterial kingdom –Cell walls contain peptidoglycan 2) Archaebacteria (Domain Archae) –“ancient” bacteria –Live in extreme environments ALL bacteria = PROKARYOTIC –Simple –No nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Classification: Shapes Different shapes 1) Bacilli = rod shaped bacteria 2) Cocci = sphere shaped bacteria 3) Spirilla = spiral/corkscrew shaped bacteria

Classification: Movement Types movement: 1) Non-motile = do NOT move 2) Motile = move around a. Flagella = whiplike structure b. Gliding = secrete a slime

Classification: Grouping Types grouping: 1) “Diplo” = group of 2 2) “Staphylo” – grapelike clusters 3) “Strepto” - chains

Classification: Cell Wall Determined by Gram Staining 1)Gram positive = stain purple because have peptidoglycan in cell wall -Thicker cell wall -Less pathogenic -Pathogenic = less likely to cause disease) 2) Gram negative = stain red because lack peptidoglycan in cell wall - Thinner cell wall - Generally more pathogenic

Classification: Metabolism Types: 1)Photoautotrophs = Make own energy - use sunlight & photosynthesis 2) Chemoautotrophs = make own energy - use CO 2 to make energy - do NOT require light 3) Photoheterotrophs = Make own food & consume others - use sunlight & photosynthesis - take in organic materials 4) Chemoheterotrophs = Consume others - take in organic materials

Classification: Energy Release Types: 1)Obligate aerobes = require constant supply O 2 to live Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis, AKA TB)

Classification: Energy Release Types: 2) Obligate anaerobes = require absence O 2 to live Ex: Clostridium botulinum (botulism) 3) Facultative anaerobes = can live w/ or w/o O 2, but most live w/o Ex: Escherichia coli (found in gut warm blooded organisms)

Classification: Growth & Reproduction Types: 1) Binary Fission = mitosis single-celled organism

Classification: Growth & Reproduction Types: 2) Conjugation = exchange genetic material from 1 bacterial cell to another

Classification: Growth & Reproduction Types: 3) Endospore Formation = used when growth conditions are unfavorable Endospores sit dormant Conditions improve then reproduce

Importance of Bacteria Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen fixation –Take N 2 gas from atmosphere –Convert to ammonia NH 3 Decomposers

Importance of Bacteria Human uses: –Make food such as yogurt & cheese –Breakdown wastes in water (= bioremediation) –Sprayed on oil spills to help break down hydrocarbons –Live in intestines to help w/ digestion & make vitamins our bodies can’t make.

Antibiotic Resistance Article Read article provided. The article has been divided into 4 sections. Write a 9-12 word summary for each of these sections. Each summary will be worth 1 stamp.

WARM UP Thursday, March 21, 2013 What is a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule?

Objectives 1)Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses 2)Describe how bacteria and viruses have both positive and negative impacts on our lives.

Viral Simulation Lab Follow instructions given by teacher. Complete class chart. Answer questions on provided paper. You may use the back side of the sheet if needed.

Virus vs Bacteria Table CharacteristicVirusBacteriaBoth 1.Living 2. Non-Living 3. Need host cell 4. Vaccinations for prevention 5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics 6. Made of prokaryotic cells 7. Can cause disease 8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes 9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) 10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB

Virus vs Bacteria Table CharacteristicVirusBacteriaBoth 1.Living x 2. Non-Living x 3. Need host cell x 4. Vaccinations for prevention x 5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics x 6. Made of prokaryotic cells x 7. Can cause disease x 8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes x 9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) x 10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB x

Virus vs Bacteria Worksheet