RESTORATION OF AQUACULTURE IN ACEH, INDONESIA – SEAWEED IN SHRIMP PONDS Kevin Fitzsimmons and andHasanuddin Busan, Korea May 21, 2008

Aquaculture in northern Sumatra 33,000 households registered with aquaculture as primary family vocation 33,000 households registered with aquaculture as primary family vocation Family owned one hectare coastal ponds typical Family owned one hectare coastal ponds typical Commonly used mono-culture of shrimp Commonly used mono-culture of shrimp

Lamnga, Aceh: before and after Dec 2004

Damaged aquaculture ponds

Problems before the tsunami Shrimp diseases Shrimp diseases Poor growth rates and survival Poor growth rates and survival Decreasing water quality Decreasing water quality Over reliance on single crop (shrimp) Over reliance on single crop (shrimp) Removal of mangroves and other estuarine vegetation Removal of mangroves and other estuarine vegetation

Potential solutions – Sustainable coastal aquaculture Polyculture with fish (tilapia, milkfish, grouper fingerlings), bivalves and seaweeds Polyculture with fish (tilapia, milkfish, grouper fingerlings), bivalves and seaweeds Improve biosecurity (quarantine, pathogen free shrimp) Improve biosecurity (quarantine, pathogen free shrimp) Improve water quality Improve water quality Improve water management and tambak design and operations Improve water management and tambak design and operations Use mangroves to filter water and reduce erosion Use mangroves to filter water and reduce erosion

Recycling of wastes Fish and shrimp discharge ammonia (NH 3 ), CO 2, phosphates and solid waste Fish and shrimp discharge ammonia (NH 3 ), CO 2, phosphates and solid waste Plants (algae, seaweeds, mangroves) use these wastes as nutrients (fertilizers) Plants (algae, seaweeds, mangroves) use these wastes as nutrients (fertilizers) We need to use the plants to recycle wastes and improve water quality and provide food and oxygen for animals We need to use the plants to recycle wastes and improve water quality and provide food and oxygen for animals Bivalves (clams, oysters, mussels) filter suspended solids from water Bivalves (clams, oysters, mussels) filter suspended solids from water

Seaweed polyculture Aceh Provide a more sustainable aquaculture production system for shrimp and caged fish farmers Provide a more sustainable aquaculture production system for shrimp and caged fish farmers Integrate seaweed with fish and shrimp Integrate seaweed with fish and shrimp Gracilaria and Euchuma Gracilaria and Euchuma Diversify production Diversify production Develop a local demand for seaweed as a new sea vegetable and source of agar for cooking and candy Develop a local demand for seaweed as a new sea vegetable and source of agar for cooking and candy

Workshops and training Workshops and training Field visits to farmers Field visits to farmers

KAB. ACEH BESAR (3.450) Ha KAB. ACEH PIDIE (5.073) Ha KAB. BIREUN(6.710) Ha Demonstration ponds stocked with Gracilaria Aceh Besar

Initial stocks from Ohama corporate farm (1000 kg) brought to Sumatra Material loaded from farm Fresh material Gracilaria distributed into ponds

Gracilaria growth between January and June 2007 NO.Farmer’s name Tambak size (Ha) Village Initial (kg) Sampling (kg) Area 1.Muhammad1,7 Lancang barat Ayub1,2Lancang barat Wahab ibrahim1Lancang barat Ishak Bin1,5Lancang barat Tarmizi1Lancang barat H. Hanafiah1,8Lancang barat Jalil0,5Lancang timur Ridwan0,5Lancang timur Jalil Johan0,5Lancang timur Hamdani0,5Lancang timur Aswar1Pasi lhok Agam0,4Pasi lhok40200 Total : 12,6 ha

Fresh Gracilaria from the shrimp pond

POPULATION OF KAREUNG VILLAGE BEFORE TSUNAMI : ± 400 PEOPLE AFTER TSUNAMI : 127 PEOPLE OF 57 FAMILIES SUBSISTENCE: MOSTLY FISHERS VILLAGE: KAREUNG SUBDISTRICT: LHONG DISTRICT: ACEH BESAR

PLANTING OF SEAWEED (Euchuma SEED

GROWOUT OF Euchuma SEAWEED

SEAWEED IS READY FOR HARVEST

SEAWEED HARVESTING

PRODUCTION RESULTS (Euchuma SEED DEVELOPMENT) LOCATIONUNIT SIZE OF RAFT SEED PRODUCTION (KG) KAREUNG1 4 X 8 M SEURAPONG1 4 X 6 M AVERAGE PRODUCTION

Results

Seaweed, milkfish and shrimp polyculture Seaweed, milkfish and shrimp polyculture

Agar production workshop April - May 2008 Small scale processing of agar Small scale processing of agar Use for cooking ingredient and candy Use for cooking ingredient and candy

Off to the next workshop ………

Presentation of results

Conclusions Shrimp and fish farms integrated with seaweed production are economically and ecologically sustainable. Shrimp and fish farms integrated with seaweed production are economically and ecologically sustainable. International efforts required to bring diverse funding sources and expertise to assist with restoration efforts. International efforts required to bring diverse funding sources and expertise to assist with restoration efforts. Still more efforts required to assist producers to apply sustainable methods. Still more efforts required to assist producers to apply sustainable methods.

Partners AquaFish - CRSP AquaFish - CRSP Aquaculture without Frontiers Aquaculture without Frontiers World Aquaculture Society World Aquaculture Society Professionals International Professionals International University of Arizona – Maricopa Ag Center University of Arizona – Maricopa Ag Center Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia YSI Aquaculture Restoration Funds YSI Aquaculture Restoration Funds Mercy Corps Mercy Corps World Wildlife Fund World Wildlife Fund UN – Food & Agriculture Organization UN – Food & Agriculture Organization US-Agency for International Development US-Agency for International Development