January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: SUN Tutorial Summary (Jan 2009) Date Submitted: [12/5/2015] Source: [George Flammer] Company [Silver Spring Networks] Address [] silverspringnet.com] Voice [] Re: [] Abstract:Review of SUN tutorials from SG-NAN and beyond. Purpose:Discussion within the task group TG4g. Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Tutorial Summary IEEE g Los Angles, California January 21 st, 2009 George Flammer – Silver Spring Networks

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer More SUN Global requirement – Are we at a Tipping Point? Frequencies – What will we have? What can we get? Data rate - What is ‘fast enough’? Latency - What is the killer app and what kills it? Security issues - How much and where?

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Tipping Point ‘Smart Utility Networks’ (aka, “Smart Grid”) at ‘tipping point’ many reasons: – Demand for energy is growing rapidly while cost is rising – Security of energy sources highly problematical – Carbon costs of fossil energy are no longer acceptable – Adding new capacity slow and expensive – Experienced utility staff nearing retirement – Alternate energy sources require management – Energy efficiency happens ‘one user at a time’ – Cost of SUN radios and processors continue trend downward – Smart Grid ‘stimulus’ plans currently on most developed countries agenda

G. Flammer January 2009 Doc # P g The top 25 markets by GDP

G. Flammer January 2009 Doc # P g Top Ten Markets - Frequencies CountrySub-GHzPower (dBm) US China700, 840, 920 * Japan (licensed) India867 Germany867 UK867 Russia867licensed France867 Brazil & Italy867 *Source: Regulatory status for using RFID in the UHF spectrum 20 January EPC Global

G. Flammer January 2009 Doc # P g 868 MHz Not much chance for a Smart Utility Network

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Operational Frequencies The requirement is global – available frequencies are local Frequencies are becoming available as Smart Utility Network requirements are becoming known Naturally competing with cellular and broadcast media SUN frequencies will be local, opportunistic, and variable in spectra, power levels, and sharing protocol (e.g. LBT, duty cycle, etc.) Information on local regulations, requirements, and time frames is often quite hard to get and can be volatile. The IEEE community is perhaps uniquely positioned to establish a workable worldwide standard for SUN products and applications.

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Speed – ‘fast enough’ Selection of data rate determines many of the most important parameters ‘under the SUN’

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer, Smart Utility Network – Process Control SUN applications are best defined as wide area process control Complete ubiquity: every customer location connected - we do not typically get to relocate the SUN radio. Low BW, (10 x 4kB per day) Latency tolerant (~10 second – faster if a human is waiting for answer) Exceptional events require low single digit responses (e.g. 2 seconds) Load control (“demand side management”) is inside the home and business

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Capacity examples Collision domains / ((# neighbors + hidden nodes) x % on-air time) 2.4 GHz rural (single channel, 5 neighbors – all in sight, 1% duty cycle) 1 / 5 x 0.01 = GHz urban (single channel, 250 neighbors, 30 in sight, 1% duty cycle) 1 / (250 x 0.01) = MHz urban (US rules – 75 channels, 1000 neighbors, 200 in sight, 1%) 75 / (1000 x 0.01) = 7.5 One can easily imagine what the 686MHz EU collision domain looks like!

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer US MHz spectrum - RSSI measurements Each sweep takes about 300 mS and each channel gets 60 averaged ‘reads’. Two wideband signals are always present on channels 24 & 64 Strong SUN packets are displayed as blue. Spectrum Measurements in SUN

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Spectrum Measurements These charts spectrum plots are from four endpoints (meters) taken over several days. Pink is good. None of these plots show substantial traffic, interference, or noise.

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer Smart Utility Networks are multi-billion $/€/£ networks which reach everywhere there is energy being generated, transported, distributed, or consumed. SUN assets are of national import and demand concomitant security Open standards are most tested and robust 40 year+ design life No device is guaranteed physical protection There are 10s of millions of devices Like the Internet, the SUN requires security between actors – PHY / MAC security (if used) will be redundant and possibly obsolescent. SUN Security Issues / Assumptions

January 2009 Doc # P g G. Flammer SUN Summary Global Tipping point – we’re tipping NOW Frequencies – opportunistic and local – collision domains Data rate ‘fast enough’ & ‘far enough’ Latency “What is the killer app and what kills it?” – Requirements well known: DA (2 seconds – response to outages, prevent equipment damage) On-demand reads (15 seconds – human patience limited) Capacity will constrain SUN – need to exploit all available frequencies Security issues – Internet commerce / VPN level Thank you.