Section 1 Origin & Evolution of Birds

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Presentation transcript:

Section 1 Origin & Evolution of Birds Chapter 42 Birds Section 1 Origin & Evolution of Birds

Characteristics Feathers- composed of keratin, essential for flight, insulate body Wings- modified forelimbs, covered by feathers Lightweight, rigid skeleton- bones are thin & hollow Endothermic metabolism- high body temperature

Characteristics Unique respiratory system- rapid metabolism, lungs connected to air sacs, oxygen-rich Beak- no teeth, horny sheath made of keratin Oviparity- lay amniotic eggs- eggs are incubated by both parents

Evolution Similarities between birds & dinosaurs S-shaped neck, unique ankle joint, & hollow bones Thought to have evolved from small, fast running dinosaurs Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx Shapes of feathers are visible Feathers cover wings, forelimbs, & its body and tail Hollow bones & furcula- wishbone Teeth, claws on forelimbs, long tail

Origin of Flight Hypothesis 1: ancestors of birds were tree-dwellers that lived in trees- glided and wings evolved Hypothesis 2: ancestors of birds were land-dwellers- wings evolved to stabilize and protect against predators

Evolution after Archaeopteryx Only two of the modern orders of birds appeared after the mass extinction. 40 million years ago, most modern orders of birds originated

REVIEW!!! List two unique features of a bird’s skeleton. What are two functions of feathers? Identify the characteristics that birds have in common with dinosaurs.