Acid and Base Ch 15 and 16

acids 1. tastes sour. 2. conducts an electric current. 3. Causes certain dyes ( indicators) to change color. 4. Liberates hydrogen when it reacts with certain metals. 5. neutralizes basic solutions to form salts.

Bases 1. tastes bitter. 2. conducts an electric current. 3. causes certain dyes ( indicators) to change color. 4. feels slippery. 5. neutralizes acid solution to form salts.

Definition of Acids and Bases An acid is a source of hydrogen ions (H + ) or hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) in solution. HCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq)

A base is a source of hydroxide ions (OH - ) e.g.NaOH(s) Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) e.g.NH 3 (aq) +H 2 O(l) NH 4 + (aq) + OH - (aq)

Naming of acids 1.In a binary acid, the negative anion ends in -ide. The name begins with the prefix hydro-, stem and ends with -ic acid. hydro______ ic acid HF HCl HBr hydroflouric acid hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid stem

2. In an oxy acid, the negative anion ends in –ate, use the stem and the name ends with -ic acid. ______ ic acid HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4 CH 3 COOH nitric acid phosphoric acid sulfuric acid acetic acid

3. In an oxy acid, if the negative anion ends in –ite, use the stem and the name ends with -ous acid. _______ ous acid HNO 2 H 2 SO 3 H 3 PO 3 nitrous acid sulfurous acid phosphorous acid

Some Common Bases NaOH KOH Ba(OH) 2 Mg(OH) 2 Al(OH) 3 Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide

Learning Check Match the formulas with the names: A. ___ HNO 2 1) hydrochloric acid B. ___Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. ___H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. ___HCl4) nitrous acid E. ___NaOH5) calcium hydroxide

Solution AB4 Match the formulas with the names: A. _4__ HNO 2 1) hydrochloric acid B. _5__Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. _2__H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. _1__HCl4) nitrous acid E. _3__NaOH5) calcium hydroxide

Learning Check Acid, Base Name or Salt CaCl 2 _______________________ KOH_______________________ Ba(OH) 2 ______ _________________ HBr_______________________ H 2 SO 4 ________________________

Solution AB5 Acid, Base Name or Salt CaCl 2 saltcalcium chloride KOHbasepotassiuim hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 basebarium hydroxide HBracidhydrobromic acid H 2 SO 4 acidsulfuric acid

B. Definitions Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl – –Acids –Acids form hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) H HHHH H Cl OO – + acid

B. Definitions Arrhenius - In aqueous solution…Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… –Bases –Bases form hydroxide ions (OH - ) NH 3 + H 2 O NH OH - H H H H H H N NO O – + H H H H base

B. Definitions Brønsted-LowryBrønsted-Lowry HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl - –Acids –Acids are proton (H + ) donors. –Bases –Bases are proton (H + ) acceptors. conjugate base conjugate acid baseacid

Conjugate acid base pairs conjugate base: the species that remains after an acid has given up a proton conjugate acid: the species that is formed when a base gains a proton

NH 3 + H 2 O  NH OH - conjugate base conjugate acid acid base

In the two examples water first acts as a base, then as an acid. Any species which can both accept and receive protons is called amphiprotic. (also known as amphoteric)

Br – HSO 4 - CO 3 2- HBr H 2 SO 4 HCO 3 - Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

List the conjugate acids for the following Bronsted bases OH - CO 3 2- NO 3 - HCO 3 - CN - H2OH2O HCO 3 - HNO 3 HCO 3 HCN

F - H 2 PO 4 - H2OH2O HF H 3 PO 4 H 3 O + Give the conjugate base for each of the following: - an acid with more than one H +Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H +

List the conjugate bases for the following Bronsted acids H 2 SO 4 HPO 4 2- HCO 3 - H 3 O + H 2 PO 4 - HSO 4 - PO 4 3- CO 3 2- H2OH2O HPO 4 2-

Review 2: Name the acid, base, conjugate acid and base for each reaction. CH 3 NH 2 + H 2 O CH 3 NH OH - H 3 PO 4 + H 2 O H 3 O + + H 2 PO 4 - HC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O H 3 O + + C 2 H 3 O 2 - CH 3 NH H 2 PO 4 - H 3 PO 4 + CH 3 NH 2 base acid conjugate acid conjugate base

Review 2: Name the acid, base, conjugate acid and base for each reaction. H 2 PO OH - HPO H 2 O HCN + H 2 O CN - + H 3 O + NH 3 + H 2 O NH OH - NO HCO 3 - CO HNO 2 acid base acid base acid base conjugate base conjugate acid conjugate base conjugate acid conjugate base conjugate acid