Pocket Gophers: Biology and Damage Management Jeff Schalau Associate Agent, ANR University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Yavapai County.

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Presentation transcript:

Pocket Gophers: Biology and Damage Management Jeff Schalau Associate Agent, ANR University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Yavapai County

Gopher Biology Live in the soil, spending a small amount of time above ground to feed, find new territory, or get around obstacles 3 species in Arizona 5-7 inches long (without tail) Large head Long, sharp, chisel-like teeth Powerful front legs with long claws

Gopher Biology (cont.) Short tail with tactile hairs Pouches on both sides of head to hold food and soil Have one or two litters per year (usually 3-4 per litter) Soon after weaning, the young leave the nest and disperse above ground Adults live solitarily (except when mating)

Feeding Plant Feeders Roots encountered underground Surface feeding a body length or so away from burrow openings Pulling plants into burrow from below Preferred Foods Include: alfalfa, grasses, root crops, tap rooted weeds, shrub roots, tree roots, garden crops

Gopher Burrows

Control Methods Trapping – excellent Exclusion – good where applicable Biocontrol – cats, dogs, snakes Fumigants – marginal Toxicants – not recommended for residential areas, secondary poisoning Flooding – rarely effective for residential areas Cultural Controls – destroy burrows, remove food, plant selection Repellents - ineffective

Fumigants

Sonic Devices Are Not Effective

Trapping Lethal traps are the only effective method Lethal traps are the only effective method

How To Set A Trap Two traps wired to a stake Two traps wired to a stake Locate main tunnel using probe Locate main tunnel using probe Set one trap in each direction Set one trap in each direction Cover the hole Cover the hole Obliterate fresh mounds Obliterate fresh mounds Check the following day Check the following day Reset as needed Reset as needed

Box Traps

Exclusion

Toxicants Strychnine on grain Strychnine on grain Other products too Other products too Can be dangerous to non-target organisms if not used correctly Can be dangerous to non-target organisms if not used correctly

Cultural Controls Weed Control Weed Control Flooding only works when: Flooding only works when: The entire field is flooded The entire field is flooded Soils are porous Soils are porous Gophers are below the high water mark Gophers are below the high water mark

Biocontrol Dogs/Cats Dogs/Cats Coyotes Coyotes Owls Owls Snakes Snakes

Experimental Device

Repellents are Ineffective Gopher Purge (Euphorbia lathyrus) Gopher Purge (Euphorbia lathyrus) Human Hair Human Hair Juicy Fruit Gum Juicy Fruit Gum Irish Spring Soap Irish Spring Soap Chocolate Ex-Lax Chocolate Ex-Lax ??? ???