1939 Start of the War

Reaction to Czechoslovakia Hitler’s invasion of Czechoslovakia broke the Munich Agreement. Hitler’s invasion of Czechoslovakia broke the Munich Agreement. Chamberlain felt Hitler could not be trusted. Chamberlain felt Hitler could not be trusted. Hitler could not justify this invasion as being part of greater Germany since these people were not German. Hitler could not justify this invasion as being part of greater Germany since these people were not German.

Britain and France Alliance Both nations agreed to speed up rearmament. Both nations agreed to speed up rearmament. Had to stop all German aggression Had to stop all German aggression Defend Poland at all costs. Defend Poland at all costs.

Poland Germany demanded the polish corridor and Danzig which was lost in the T.O.V Germany demanded the polish corridor and Danzig which was lost in the T.O.V Italy and Germany signed the Pact of Steel agreement to help each other in war. Italy and Germany signed the Pact of Steel agreement to help each other in war. Hitler convinced Allies would do nothing. Hitler convinced Allies would do nothing.

Nazi Soviet Pact Hitler and Allies both wanted the Soviets on their side. Hitler and Allies both wanted the Soviets on their side. Hitler did not want a war on two fronts East (Soviets and West (Allies). Hitler did not want a war on two fronts East (Soviets and West (Allies). Stalin was weak after the war and purges. Stalin was weak after the war and purges. Stalin was terrified of being overthrown. He killed or imprisoned 11 million people including army officers. Stalin was terrified of being overthrown. He killed or imprisoned 11 million people including army officers.

Nazi-Soviet Pact Stalin chooses to ally with Hitler because: Stalin chooses to ally with Hitler because: Allies will want him to fight right away. Allies will want him to fight right away. He could share in the division of Poland He could share in the division of Poland He was mad because of being left out of Munich. He was mad because of being left out of Munich.

Hitler Invades Poland With the alliances of the U.S.S.R and Italy settled Hitler takes Poland. With the alliances of the U.S.S.R and Italy settled Hitler takes Poland. The Allies declare war. The Allies declare war. Within 1 year Hitler takes Poland, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, and France. Within 1 year Hitler takes Poland, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, and France.

Blitzkrieg Based on planes and tanks Based on planes and tanks Bombers attacked airfields and communication centres Bombers attacked airfields and communication centres Limited reinforcements and defences Limited reinforcements and defences

Blitzkrieg Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines Captured bridges and communication towers Captured bridges and communication towers

Blitzkrieg Bombers attacked enemy strong points Bombers attacked enemy strong points Tanks broke through weakened points and outflanked front lines Tanks broke through weakened points and outflanked front lines

Why was it effective? New tactic New tactic Allies prepared for trench warfare and spread themselves thin to cover the borders. Allies prepared for trench warfare and spread themselves thin to cover the borders. Speed of tanks allowed Germans to surround allies in the trench. Speed of tanks allowed Germans to surround allies in the trench. Allies were on the defensive prepared for a long struggle. Allies were on the defensive prepared for a long struggle.

Maginot Line

French built a line of defences French built a line of defences Germans went around the line of defences and surrounded it Germans went around the line of defences and surrounded it French surrendered. French surrendered. Germany takes Paris. French allowed to Control Southern France. Germany takes Paris. French allowed to Control Southern France. Petain becomes a puppet ruler to Hitler, does everything Hitler wants. Petain becomes a puppet ruler to Hitler, does everything Hitler wants.

Miracle at Dunkirk After French surrender, French and British troops run to the Port of Dunkirk, still in Allied control. After French surrender, French and British troops run to the Port of Dunkirk, still in Allied control. Britain hoped to be able to save 50,000 troops. Britain hoped to be able to save 50,000 troops.

Miracle at Dunkirk The British public used every boat available to evacuate the troops. The British public used every boat available to evacuate the troops. Under fire from German Luftwaffe Under fire from German Luftwaffe 340,000 men evacuated. 340,000 men evacuated.

How did it work Royal Air Force shot down many German bombers. Royal Air Force shot down many German bombers. Hitler didn’t send in tanks so he could save them to fight the French Hitler didn’t send in tanks so he could save them to fight the French Land was flooded around Dunkirk, not good for tanks. Land was flooded around Dunkirk, not good for tanks. Goering said the bombers would do the job. Goering said the bombers would do the job.

Britain Alone This left Britian to fight alone. This left Britian to fight alone. Depended on Churchill to raise morale with many famous speeches. Depended on Churchill to raise morale with many famous speeches. U.S was Neutral at the time but did send aid and supplies to Britain. U.S was Neutral at the time but did send aid and supplies to Britain.

Battle of Britain Operation Sealion Hitler needed control of sea and air to invade with troops. Hitler needed control of sea and air to invade with troops. Germany uses the Luftwaffe (air force bombers) to destroy ships and air bases. Germany uses the Luftwaffe (air force bombers) to destroy ships and air bases.

Blitz Just when the British we about to lose their last air field Germany attacked London. Just when the British we about to lose their last air field Germany attacked London. This was to try and get the British to surrender. This was to try and get the British to surrender. Revenge for British bombing of German cities. Revenge for British bombing of German cities. Everything was targeted. Everything was targeted.

Blitz Targeting cities did allow the British to rebuild the air Force. Targeting cities did allow the British to rebuild the air Force. Built 1836 planes in 4 months. Built 1836 planes in 4 months. Germans were losing twice as many planes. Germans were losing twice as many planes. British had radar technologies British had radar technologies German Planes could not fight long as they would run out of fuel. German Planes could not fight long as they would run out of fuel.

Operation Barbarossa Hitler Knew the only way Britain could fight back was with help from the Soviets or the U.S. Hitler Knew the only way Britain could fight back was with help from the Soviets or the U.S. Hitler attacks the Soviets because he hates communism Hitler attacks the Soviets because he hates communism Valuable resources Valuable resources Living space for Germans (Lebensraum) Living space for Germans (Lebensraum)

Failed The geography of the U.S.S.R was not suitable for Blitzkrieg (too big) The geography of the U.S.S.R was not suitable for Blitzkrieg (too big) Hitler spread out his troops to attack three areas at the same time. Hitler spread out his troops to attack three areas at the same time. Winter set in and troops froze to death Winter set in and troops froze to death Allies provided aid through the artic and Persia. Allies provided aid through the artic and Persia.

Pearl Harbour On December 7 th Japanese attack Pearl Harbour. On December 7 th Japanese attack Pearl Harbour. Germany joins Japan in declaring war on U.S. Germany joins Japan in declaring war on U.S. U.S. enters the war. U.S. enters the war.

Deliverance Day (D-Day) After 2 years of planning D-day is launch. After 2 years of planning D-day is launch. Allies land on the beaches of Normandy. Allies land on the beaches of Normandy. Landing spots are named Utah, Omaha for the U.S, Juno for Canada, Gold and Sword for British. Landing spots are named Utah, Omaha for the U.S, Juno for Canada, Gold and Sword for British. Operation code name Overlord Operation code name Overlord

D-Day Continued Airborne troops protected the flanks Airborne troops protected the flanks Navy bombarded the Nazi fortifications Navy bombarded the Nazi fortifications Nazis did not suspect the landing at Normandy allies sent a decoy invasion at Calais Nazis did not suspect the landing at Normandy allies sent a decoy invasion at Calais Hitler decided to not send reinforcements to Normandy Hitler decided to not send reinforcements to Normandy Air force bombed Nazi comunication towers. Air force bombed Nazi comunication towers.

D-Day Success At the end of the first day the allies controlled 10 kms of beach. At the end of the first day the allies controlled 10 kms of beach. Landed half a million vehicles and 4 million tons of supplies. (mostly U.S.) Landed half a million vehicles and 4 million tons of supplies. (mostly U.S.) August, 2 months later, Paris is liberated August, 2 months later, Paris is liberated

German Surrender April 25 Russians surround Berlin April 25 Russians surround Berlin April 30 th Hitler and wife Eva Braun commit suicide April 30 th Hitler and wife Eva Braun commit suicide May 5 th Germany surrenders. May 5 th Germany surrenders.

Hitler’s 3 mistakes 1. Failure to finish off troops at Dunkirk and Battle of Britain. 2. Attacking the U.S.S.R opening two fronts. 3. Not sending reinforcements to Normandy.