USH 14:2 Early Battles – Chester Nimitz Commander of U.S. Navy in the Pacific – Douglas MacArthur Commander of troops in the Philippines

14:2 The Fall of the Philippines – American and Filipino forces badly outnumbered – Roosevelt orders MacArthur to abandon the area

14:2 Bataan Death March – 78,000 prisoners forced to march 65 miles

14:2 Americans Bomb Japan – Roosevelt wanted to raise American morale – James Doolittle, commander Mission: bomb Tokyo (“The Doolittle Raid”) Sixteen B-25s loaded onto aircraft carrier Hornet April 18, 1942: American bombs fall on Japan for first time

14:2 The Battle of Midway (June 4, 1942) – U.S. had ‘cracked’ Japanese secret codes – Learned of planned raid on Midway – U.S. forces ambush Japanese attack Japanese navy loses four large carriers 3,057 dead – Turning point of the war

14:2 U.S. steps up efforts in Europe – “two-front war” (Pacific and Europe) – U.S. and Great Britain decide to attack the “periphery” (edges) of German empire Focus on Morocco and Algeria

14:2 Battle of the Atlantic – German submarines sink 360 Americans ships – U.S. Navy sets up “Convoy System” Cargo ships escorted by warships

14:2 Battle of Stalingrad – Hitler plans to take Stalingrad Key port city in Russia Russian troops forbidden to retreat German soldiers forced to fight house-to-house Germany put on defensive for rest of war