Brain:Spinal cord tumors 10:1

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Presentation transcript:

Brain:Spinal cord tumors 10:1 TUMORS OF CNS Brain tumors:10-17/100,000 , 20% of childhood tumors Spinal cord tumors: 1-2/100,000 Brain:Spinal cord tumors 10:1

Brain tumors are basically catagorised as -benign -malignant –common than benign in the brain

Malignancies can be either Primary Secondary

Specific Features: Location within the brain may be more important than nature of tumor

In children, 70% are infra- tentorial (posterior fossa) In adults 70% supratentorial

Significance Tumors can effect any part of the brain and depending on what part(s) of the brain it affects can have a number of symptoms. Seizures Difficulty with language Mood changes Change of personality Changes in vision, hearing, and sensation. Difficulty with muscle movement Difficulty with coordination control

Cancers Grading Low-grade Well-differentiated (benign) with abetter prognosis. High-grade Undifferentiated (malignant) with worst prognosis

3- meninges  Meningioma Classification of Tumors :according to the cell of origin 1- Glial cells  Glioma I- Astrocytoma & variants ii- Oligodendroglioma iii-Ependymoma iv- Microglioma 2- Primitive cells  Medulloblastoma, Neuroblastoma 3- meninges  Meningioma 4- Nerve Sheath Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma), Neurofibroma 5- Lymphoreticular cells  Lymphoma 6- Others

1- ASTROCYTOMA Commonest glial tumour Different types Different age groups

, CT / Glioblastoma Multiforme

Ependymoma in 4th.ventricle

Ependymal Rosettes

MEDULLOBLASTOMA: cerebellar tumor in children - Hydrocephalus &ICP occur early - Radiation + chemotherapy better -CSF dissemination

CT- Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma/ Rosettes

MENINGIOMA : Arise from meninges in brain or spinal cord. More in adult females Most are none cancerous

Meningioma

Meningioma

METASTATIC TUMORS Account for about 25-50% of solid intracranial tumors Solid tumors: Lung Breast Melanoma. Kidney. GIT

Spinal cord tumors

INTRASPINALTUMORS Classified according to location in relation to the dura Extradural- arising from the extradural space Intradural - originating within the neural tissue. 1. Extramedullary arising from the blood vessels, meninges or nerve roots, forming an intradural tumor Ex- Neurofibromas(Nerve sheath tumor) grow in the nerve root that extends into the extradural space Meningiomas tumor originates from the dura matter and arachnoid membranes

Intramedullary tumors arisingfromwithin the substance o the spinalcorditself

Treatment Surgery Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for malignancies