ARRHYTHMIA
Disturbance of cardiac rythumn
Anatomy of the conducting system
Arrhythmias Common Often benign Often intermittent causing diagnostic difficulty Sometimes can cause cardiac compromise
Cause of Arrhythmia Cardiac -MI,valvular heart disease,myocarditis,pericarditis, endocarditis Non cardiac- thyrotoxicosis,drugs,electrolyte imbalance
Features Often asymptomatic ex-AF Palpitation Syncope Hypotension cardiac faliure
classification Tachyarrythmias Bradyarrythmiass
Bradyarrythmias Sinus Bradycardia Heart block Sick sinus syndrome
Sinus bradycardia HR< 60 bpm Hypothyroidism Increased intracranial pressure Myocardial infarction Jaundice Athletes
Heart block 3 types The depolarization wave originating in the atrium is not conducted to the ventricle
Tachycardias Sinus tachycardia Atrial tachycardia-SVT/atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation Ventricular-VT/VF
Sinus tacycardias HR > 100bpm Anxiety Hyperthyroidism Myocardial infarction Heart failure
SINUS TACHYCARDIA Excessive discharge of SA node
Atrial tachyardia Cardiac rhythm originates from a site within the atrium other than the SA node Ex-AV node Types-SVT,Atrial flutter,atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation Irregular atrial rhythm giving rise to an irregular ventricular rate Common in elderly Main risk is embolic stroke
causes Hypertension Heart failure Valvular heart disease MI Pneumonia hyperthyroidism
Treatment Find the cause and eliminate if possible Antiarrythmic drugs-rate control or rhythm control Anticoagulation cardioversion
Ventricuar VT VF
VF And pulseless VT are considered as forms of cardiac arrest Medical emergency Needs CPR
Ectopics What are atrial ectopics What are ventricular ectopics
Treatment of arrythmias Anti arrythmic drugs Name one drug used to treat bradyarrythmias Name 3 drugs used to treat tachyarrythmias
Non-drug therapy Cardioversion: For tachycardia especially hemodynamic unstable patient Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA): For those tachycardia patients (SVT, VT, AF,) Artificial cardiac pacing: For bradycardia,
Thank you….