Characteristics of Living Things
1. Made of Cells unicellular vs.. multicellular Red Blood cellsOnion skin epidermal cellsHuman cheek cells
Characteristics of Living Things 2. Grows and develops Increase in cell size and/or number Includes: development, aging, death Differentiation – cell specialization for a certain job
Characteristics of Living Things 3. Obtains & uses Energy Metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions) Anabolism- simple to complex (build –up rxns.) Catabolism – complex to simple (break-down rxns.) Heterotrophic (other feeding) vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)
Characteristics of Living Things 4. Reproduces two kinds of reproduction: - asexual – takes one to make more - sexual – takes two
Characteristics of Living Things 5. Responds to the Environment a. Movement – internal or external b. Irritability - ability to respond to a stimulus Examples of stimuli : sight, sound, touch, pressure, temperature, chemicals, color, light, other? c. Adaptability
Characteristics of Living Things 6. Based on a universal genetic code DNA – determines the inherited traits of every organism. traits of every organism. a. Asexual – offspring and parents have same traits. b. Sexual – some variations. However, that species produces the same species.
Characteristics of Living Things 7. Maintain a stable internal environment.Homeostasis!!! You will die with out it!
Taxonomy A. Definition = science of naming things & assigning them to groups
Taxonomy B. Why have a classification system? 1. Single, universal name 2. Avoid confusion 3. Understand how living things are related to one another related to one another
Taxonomy What are the FIVE common names of this animal?
Taxonomy 1. Mountain Lion 2. Cougar 3. Puma 4. (Florida) Panther 5. Catamount Florida resident Rocky Mountain resident
Taxonomy ¿ Wouldn’t it be confusing if we didn’t have a scientific name? Felis concolor = scientific name of the mountain lion mountain lion Genusspecies
Taxonomy C. Examples of classification systems: 1. Dewey decimal system – library 2. Sections of store – music store 3. Periodic Table of elements - Chemistry 4. Others?
Taxonomy D. Binomial nomenclature 1. System of scientific naming 2. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish botanist) in 1750s 3. Two part scientific name Genus and species 4. Must be underlined or in italics 5. In Latin (dead language of scholars)
Taxonomy E. Example : Homo sapiens Homo sapiens (wise man) 1. Scientific name 1. Scientific name for human beings for human beings 2. Homo = genus 2. Homo = genus (capitalized & underlined) (capitalized & underlined) 3. sapiens = species 3. sapiens = species (underlined, but NOT (underlined, but NOTcapitalized)
Taxonomy F. Definition of species = 1. breed successfully viable, fertile offspring 2. unique features similar to others of same species 3. have similar DNA to other species members
Taxonomy G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon = group) Kingdom (kings) Phylum (play) Class (chess) Order (on) Family (fine) Genus (green) Species (silk)
Taxonomy H. Kingdom is least specific, largest group I. Species is most specific, contains only one kind of organism
Taxonomy J. An example: Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens
K. Other Systems of Classification 1. Cladograms
K. Other Systems of Classification 2. Three Domain System
Taxonomy L. ¿ What determines how something is classified? is classified? 1. DNA 2. Structure
Taxonomy 3. Embryology & development
Taxonomy L. ☺ There are 6 kingdoms of living things 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia
Taxonomy M. Definitions Prokaryotic = does not have a nucleus to contain its DNA Eukaryotic – has a membrane–bound nucleus nucleus
Taxonomy N. Unicellular Prokaryotic 1. Archaebacteria –ancient bacteria 2. Eubacteria – most bacteria Eukaryotic 3. Protista – single-celled O. Multicellular 4. Fungi – e.g. mushrooms 5. Plantae - plants 6. Animalia - animals