Chemistry Chapter 3 Notes #2
Matter Pure Substances (can be represented by a chemical Formula) ElementsCompounds Mixtures (can be separated By physical means) Homogenous Solution Heterogeneous Suspension Colloid
Matter- Pure Substances All samples of matter are composed of atoms… The smallest particles possessing the properties of an element Fundamental chemical substances from which all other substances are made When 2 or more types of atoms combine and cannot be separated by physical means = compound! (must be separated by chemical change)
Mixtures To tell them all apart: Colloid and solution V. Suspension A suspension settles out, making it different from both of the other two. Colloid V. solution The TYNDALL EFFECT : Shine a beam of light through each. If you can see the light beam traveling thru = colloid (the light bounces off the particles that are suspended). No light beam = solution
SolutionSuspensionColloid Appearance Clear, transparent and homogeneous Cloudy, heterogeneous, at least two substances visible Cloudy but fairly uniform Particle Size smallestbiggestMedium (intermediate) Effect of Light Tyndall Effect none -- light passes through, particles do not reflect light variablelight is dispersed by colloidal particles Effect of Sedimentation noneparticles will eventually settle out none
Separating Mixtures Mixtures can be separated by physical means Filtration – porous barrier to separate Chromatography- separates parts of a mixture on the tendency of each part to be drawn across the surface of another material Distillation – differences in boiling points Crystallization – results in the formation of solid particles Change of state