Gabija Kiburtaitė Psbns09-02

 Trait theory – a model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality.  Traits – consistent personality characteristics and behaviors displayed in different situations.

 Developed by Hyppocrates ( BC) as medical theory  I. Pavlov researched how dogs with different temperaments reacts to stimuli  Sanguine  Choleric  Melancholic  Phlegmatic

 Developed by R. Cattell (1965) using factors analysis  List of all 16 traits: Warm Reasoning Emotional Stability Dominance Liveliness Rule-Consciousness Social Boldness Sensitivity Vigilance Abstractedness Privateness Apprehension Openness to Change Self-Reliance Perfectionism Tension

 This theory was also developed using factors analysis.  R. Cattell used inductive method, while H. Eyesenck used deductive one.  3 main personality traits: extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.  These 3 traits are largely unrelated.

Extraversion Sociable Lively Active Assertive Sensation-seeking Carefree Dominant Surgent Venturesome Neuroticism Anxious Depressed Guilt feelings Low self-esteem Tense Irrational Shy Moody Emotional Psychoticism Aggressive Cold Egocentric Impersonal Impulsive Antisocial Unempathetic Creative Tought-Minded

 Five-factor personality inventory was created in 1985 by P. T. Costa and R. R. McCare.  Main 5 personality traits are Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreebleness and Openness to experience.  These 5 factors can be abbreviated as OCEAN.  Each of 5 factors has 6 subfactors called facets.  The Big Five is the most popular and influential trait approach today.

 Extraversion means energy, positive emotions and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others. Extraversion Warmth Gregariousness AssertivenessActivityExcitement-SeekingPositive Emotions

 Neuroticism is an enduring tendency to experience negative emotional states. Neuroticism Anxiety Angry Hostility DepressionSelf-ConsciousnessImpulsivenessVulnerability

 Conscientiousness includes traits like being organized and planful. Concientiousness CompetenceOrderDutifulnessAchievement StrivingSelf-DisciplineDeliberation

Which room’s owner more likely has high conscientiousness? Which one of 6 facets of conscientiousness these pictures represent?

 Agreebleness trait distinguishes soft- hearted people from ruthless ones. Agreebleness TrustStraightforwardnessAltruismComplianceModestyTender-Mindedness

 Openness to experience trait distinguishes people who prefer variety from whose who prefer familiar and traditional things. Itincludes traits like having wide interests and being imaginative. Openness Fantasy Aesthetics FeelingsActionsIdeasValues

 Everyone has the same personality traits at varying degree.  There are many different trait theories, but no one of them can encompass the whole personality.  Trait theories allow easy comparison between individuals.  Trait theories only describe personality – they do not explain it.

 Feldman R. S. Understanding Psychology. 9 th ed. // McGraw-Hill: Higher Education, Boston,  Ryckman R. M. Theories of personality. 9 th ed. // Thomson Wadsworth, Belmont,  Feist J., Feist G. J. Theories of personality. 7 th ed. // McGraw- Hill, Boston,  Engler B. Personality Theories: An Introduction. 8 th ed. // Wadsworth: Cengage Learning, Belmont,  Pictures:  content/uploads/2009/01/personality.jpg content/uploads/2009/01/personality.jpg              