The Late Nineteenth Century. The Crystal Palace, 1851.

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Presentation transcript:

The Late Nineteenth Century

The Crystal Palace, 1851

1851 International Exhibition Joseph Paxton June 11, 1850-May 1, ,851 feet by cast iron columns

Interior of Houses of Parliament

The rise of the Civil Engineer Using the science of statics (based upon Newton’s Laws of Motion) to measure and calculate forces of gravity and stress. “Civil” because addressing structures in civilian life. Beginning of separation of “architect” and “engineer”

Pont-Neuf, Paris

Gustave Eiffel Garabit Viaduct: the truss

The Eiffel Tower 1889 World’s Fair, Paris 1000 feet high

Bessemer Process, 1860

The Skyscraper: The Chicago School The engineer: William Lebaron Jenney The architect: Louis Sullivan

Chicago in 1863

Great Chicago Fire, ,450 buildings destroyed Four square miles of the downtown area in ruins Opportunity to build a “modern” city Population boom: 325,000in 1871; 1.5 million by 1893

William LeBaron Jenney Home Insurance Building,

Steel Frame

The Bird Cage Legend

Curtain Wall Construction

Louis Sullivan ( ) “Father of the Skyscraper”

The Wainwright St. Louis 1890

The skyscraper (Tall office Building)

Carson Pirie Scott Department Store, 1899

Consequences of the Industrial Revolution Wage labor Crowded cities Cheap, shoddy goods Dore: “Over London By Rail” 1872

Victorian Interior

Frank Lloyd Wright ( )

The Prairie House, c. 1900

Thomas House, Oak Park, Chicago

Ward Willitts House, 1900

Japanese Prints

The Robie House, 1906

Victorian Interior

Steel

Roman Brick

Gull-wing gutters

“Prairie House,” 1910 for a German magazine