Chapter 1: Chemistry: The Study of Change Chemistry: A Science for the 21st Century Health and Medicine pharmaceuticals gene therapy Energy nuclear fission/fusion computer chips genetic engineering Food and Agriculture fertilizers pesticides biotechnology

The Scientific Method Systematic approach to research (to figuring out things) Science organized body of knowledge based on experiment and observation Experiment → Observation → Law → Theory Law: a concise verbal or mathematical study of the relationship between phenomena that are always the same under the same conditions. Theory: unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the laws that are based on those facts.

Classification of Matter Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass all matter is made up of chemicals Mixture: combination of 2 or more substances in which the substances retain distinct identities (air, milk, cement, tea, coffee) Homogeneous mixture: same composition throughout (sugar in water, tea) Heterogeneous mixture: non-uniform composition (sand + iron filings) Elements: substance that cannot be separated into simpler elements by chemical means Compounds: substance composed of atoms of 2 or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions

LEARN First 36 Elements in the PERIODIC TABLE Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter Physical Property: can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance. Chemical Property: requires a chemical change in order to be observed.

Measurement e.g., k = kilo 1 km = 1000 m n = nano 1 nm = m KNOW at least the following Metric-English Conversions length: 1 inch = 2.54 cm or 1 m = inches mass: 1 kg = lb or 1 lb = 454 g volume: 1 gal = L Temperature Scales Fahrenheit °F °F = (9/5) °C + 32 Celsius °C °C = (5/9) (°F - 32) Kelvin K °K = °C

Home work 1-Give me the meaning of the following term: Law- Theory- Matter- Mixture- Homogeneous mixture- Heterogeneous mixture- Elements- Compounds 2-Make the following conversions : a) 9 in to m (1 in = 2.54 cm) b) 77°F to Kelvin c) 7.92 lb/gal to g/mL (1 lb = g, 1 gal = L)