Properties of Minerals

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Presentation transcript:

Properties of Minerals

What is a Mineral? Minerals are formed in nature. Minerals are solids. Minerals have a crystal structure and definite chemical composition. Minerals are inorganic; not made from a living thing.

Color Impurities and other factors can give minerals their color These minerals are ALL forms of quartz! Color is not a reliable way to describe minerals.

Color Exposure to weather or chemicals may change the color of minerals. Pyrite turns grey and black. Oxidation turns iron from silver to black to red! Copper turns green! Color is not a reliable property to use in the identification of minerals!

Color Amethyst $68.00 Tanzanite $720.00 Sapphire $500.00 Diamond $3,000.00 Moissanite $349.oo REAL Gold

Luster: the way a mineral reflects light plastic, dull, metallic, waxy, pearly, glassy, silky, earthy waxy pearly metallic metallic, earthy dull glassy, vitreous resinous, plastic silky, fibrous

Streak Powder made from rubbing a mineral across a streak plate; sometimes shows a different color than the mineral appears to be. Shows a mineral’s true color Galena Pyrite Hematite

Cleavage Minerals that break along even lines have cleavage.

Types of Cleavage

Fracture break along curved or irregular surfaces fibrous Conchoidal, “shell-shaped” fibrous irregular

Hardness is the resistance to being scratched can be measured using a scratch test: using Mohs Hardness Scale, which compares minerals to each other using common items such as a fingernail, copper penny, steel knife blade, glass A fingernail can scratch talc. Quartz can scratch glass, but fluorite cannot.

Density How much matter there is in a given space Density = Mass divided by Volume volume mass

But NEVER taste things in the lab! Special Properties Radioactivity Chemical Reaction Magnetism Salty Taste But NEVER taste things in the lab! Fluorescence Double Image