Fig. 14-CO, p. 379

Fig. 14-1a, p. 382

Fig. 14-1b, p. 383

Fig. 14-2a, p. 383

Bridles Net of nylon or Dacron mesh Net bucket Clamp Cable Net ring Weight Plankton net fabric as seen under a microscope

Fig. 14-2b, p. 383

Fig. 14-3, p. 384

Fig. 14-4, p. 385

Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain Fishes Microciliates microflagellates Zooplankton Decomposition, wastes Copepod Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria Wastes, decomposition DiatomDinoflagellate ProchlorococcusSynechococcus Dissolved organic material; inorganic nutrients

Fig. 14-4, p. 385 Fishes Microciliates microflagellates Decomposition, wastes Copepod Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria Wastes, decomposition DiatomDinoflagellate ProchlorococcusSynechococcus Dissolved organic material; inorganic nutrients Stepped Art Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain Zooplankton

Fig. 14-5a, p. 386

Fig. 14-5b, p. 386

Fig. 14-5c, p. 386

Fig. 14-6a, p. 387

Fig. 14-6b, p. 387

Inner valve Outer valve Diatom New valves forming Cross section of diatoms Auxospore formation b

Fig. 14-7a, p. 387

Fig. 14-7b, p. 387

Fig. 14-8a, p. 388

Fig. 14-8b, p. 388

Fig. 14-8c, p. 388

Fig. 14-9, p. 389

Buoy Clear bottle Opaque bottle Pair 1 Autotrophs in the transparent bottles produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis and consume carbohydrates by respiration. Autotrophs in the opaque bottles cannot produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis. Pair 3 Euphotic zone It's darker down here, and the amount of carbohydrates produced may equal the amount consumed. Pair 4 It may be so dark here that little photosynthesis can occur; consumption of carbohydrates would exceed production. Pair 5 Disphotic zone Weight

Box 14-1a/b, p. 390

Box 14-1c, p. 391

Fig , p. 392

Fig , p. 393

(ft) (m) Surface 0 0 Photosynthesis rate Photosynthesis inhibited here because of too much light Depth of greatest productivity 100 Gross productivity Lower light levels restrict photosynthesis down here (Position of bottle pair 3 in Figure 14.9) Depth Compensation depth (respiration equals photosynthesis) (Position of bottle pair 4 in Figure 14.9) Bottom of euphotic zone Respiration rate Oxygen minimum zone Net productivity

Fig , p. 395

Fig , p. 395

More Less Winter Spring Fall a Tropical oceanb North Pacificc Northern polar NutrientsPhytoplankton Water temperature SummerWinter Spring Fall Summer Winter Spring Fall Summer

Fig , p. 396

Fig , p. 396

Fig a, p. 397

Fig b, p. 397

Fig c, p. 397

Fig , p. 397

Fig a, p. 399

Stipe Gas bladder Blade Holdfast

Fig b, p. 399

Fig , p. 400

Kelp Mangrove

Fig , p. 401

Fig , p. 401