Chapter 23 Moisture in the Atmosphere Condensation.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 23 Moisture in the Atmosphere Condensation

Review Points Condensation- Changing of a gas to a liquid. Types of condensation Fog- condensation at or near the earth’s surface. Radiation fog- fog that develops when the earth’s surface cools and the moist air above the surface condenses. Also known as ground fog. Advection fog- fog created when winds blow moist air over a cool surface. Frost- condensation that forms on a frozen surface. Dew- liquid condensation that forms on a cool surface. Dew Point- temperature to which air must be cooled to reach saturation.

Chapter 23 Condensation and Clouds Clouds- condensation that occurs above the earth’s surface when gas vapor cools and forms tiny microscopic liquid droplets or ice crystals. Gas vapor must cool to form cloud droplets. Gas vapor cools by moving upwards in the troposphere. A clouds shape, composition and characteristics is determined by how it forms. Condensation Nuclei- microscopic particles in which condensation forms to create cloud droplets. (i.e.) smoke, dust, pollen, ash, sea salt, smog Types of clouds: Cirrus cloud- light, feathery cloud. Cumulus cloud- big, puffy cloud, which forms vertically. Stratus cloud- sheetlike cloud that forms horizontal layers. Alto- Middle layer clouds. Nimbo- stratus clouds that has precipitation falling from them. Nimbus- cumulus clouds that has precipation falling from them.

Cirrus Made from ice crystals, very high. CirrusCirrostratus

Stratus Stratus- horizontally forming cloud, forms in layers. Stratus Nimbostratus

Cumulus Vertically forming cloud. CumulusCumulonimbus

Chapter 23 Precipitation Precipitation- water that falls from the atmosphere. * When air becomes saturated, moisture coalescences, and falls from a cloud. Coalescence- when tiny, liquid, cloud particles collide and fall to the earth. Types of precipitation: Rain droplets- liquid precipitation that falls to the earth, varies in size. Drizzle- smallest of the rain droplets. Snow- six-sided crystal that falls as a solid form of precipitation. Sleet- partially frozen raindrop. Formed when liquids fall through a extremely cold layer near the earth’s surface. Hailstone- Onion shaped, frozen raindrop that falls from a cumulonimbus cloud Rain gauge- device used to measure precipitation. Cloud seeding- adding artificial condensation nuclei to a moist mass of air or cloud to produce precipitation.

Types of Precipitation Rainfall Snow

Hailstone Structure Shape Size

Where does it rain? Latitudinal Rainfall- When air rises it cools, condenses and falls to the earth as rain or snow. Convectional- When warm air rises in the hot desert regions, cools, condenses and begins to precipitate.

Where does it rain? Orographic- moist air is forced up a topographic feature, cools, condenses and begins to precipitate. Frontal- Cold air moves into a region of warm moist air, causing it to rise, cool and precipitate.