CONQUEST OF THE NEW WORLD

TERMS TO KNOW FROM THIS LECTURE: Black Legend Conquistador Cacique Hernán Cortes Bartolome de las Casas Taino Requerimiento Encomendero Panfilo de Narvaez Cabeza de Vaca Hernando de Soto Mabila Imperium Anacaona

PTOLOMY’S MAP

MARTIN WALDSEEMULLER 1507

OPENING THE SOUTH ATLANTIC Portugal firmly established itself within Africa by the 1440s There they traded for gold, ivory, and African slaves to work new sugar plantations throughout the Mediterranean European expansion into the Atlantic led to a 400% growth for the economy in just five years.

1ST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

CARIBBEAN Encountered the Taino in 1492 and established an alliance with the most powerful chief or cacique, Guacanagari Described them as a generous and kind people

2ND VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS

LATER VOYAGES  Things fell apart as violence becomes the mode of interaction  Bartolome Columbus (brother)  Indian slaves sent to Castile

3RD VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS

4TH VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS

LADY ANACAONA 1503, Anacaona the last leader of the Taino at the province of Xaragua In less than 2 decades war and forced labor devastated the Taino

CONQUEST Puerto Rico, 1507, established settlements and assigned encomiendas Cuba, 1511, 330 conquistadores arrive handful of pigs in Cuba are now 30,000

PONCE DE LEON March 28, 1513 arrives on Easter Day, Pascua Florida

TREATY OF TORDESILLA

ENCOUNTER

Spanish Inquisition "missionaries" putting the Bull of Borgia into effect in the New World!!

ENCOMENDERO

THE BLACK LEGEND

GUAMAN POMA DE AYALA, "THE PUNISHMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CORREGIDOR DE MINAS" (1615)

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS

DEVASTATION OF THE INDIES

SMALL POX AND THE BIOLOGICAL CONQUEST OF THE NEW WORLD

7 Myths of Spanish Conquest The Myth of the Exceptional Men The Myth of the Kings Army The Myth of the White Conquistador The Myth of Completion The Myth of (Mis)Communication The Myth of Native Desolation The Myth of Superiority

REQUERIMIENTO

RECONQUISTA-REPARTIMIENTO  Repartimiento- A system of tribute that was tantamount to Indian slavery  1502, Nicolas Ovando, first real governor of the Indies arrives in Santo Domingo with strict instructions from the King and Queen “You will see to it that the Indians are well treated, that they may go safely throughout the land, and that no one may use force against them, or rob them, or do any other evil or harm to them...”

REQUIRIMIENTO IMPLEMENTED To be read to all Indians encountered Contained a brief history of the world Explained the Papal donation of the Indies to Spain (in the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494) Natives were then required to accept the two conditions noted within. If they did not comply, slavery would commence

Encomienda – land and people given by the Spanish Crown to those who aided in colonization (conquistadors). The minerals below the ground belonged to the crown though. Repartimiento – the people (Indians) living on the encomienda and their labor was to be owned by the encomendero. In exchange the encomendero was to take care of the spiritual needs of the people.

CUBA Spaniard conquer Cuba. Diego Velázquez is the first governor. Plans begin to expand exploration Father Jeronimo de Aguilar is ship wrecked after striking the shoals of Jamaica and lands on the Yucatán. He and others are taken captive. He learns the Chontal Mayan language A first attempt to reach Mexico. The expedition lands on the Yucatán peninsula and is attacked and forced to return to Cuba, unsuccessful Grijalva mounts an expedition and finds pyramids and evidence of human sacrifice.