© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-1 Chapter 5 Managing Your Network Environment

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-2 Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks: Gather information about neighbor devices Gather information about remote devices Create a simple network diagram to document the network Determine the location from which a configuration and IOS image will be loaded

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-3 Cisco Discovery Protocol A proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices CDP discovers neighbor devices regardless of which protocol suite they are running Physical media must support the Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) encapsulation Upper-Layer Entry Addresses Cisco Proprietary Data-Link Protocol Media Supporting SNAP TCP/IPNovell IPX CDP discovers and shows information about directly connected Cisco devices ATM Others LANs Frame Relay AppleTalkOthers

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-4 Runs on routers with Cisco IOS 10.3 or later and Cisco switches and hubs Summary information includes: Device identifiers Address list Port identifier Capabilities list Platform CDP show cdp CDP Discovering Neighbors with CDP

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-5 Using CDP SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1 RouterA#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighbor entries traffic CDP statistics RouterA(config)#no cdp run RouterA(config)#interface serial0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-6 SwitchA also provides its Mac address Using the show cdp neighbor Command RouterA#sh cdp neighbors Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID RouterB Ser R 2522 Ser 1 SwitchA0050BD Eth T S SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-7 Using the show cdp entry Command RouterA#sh cdp entry * Device ID: RouterB Entry address(es): IP address: Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1 Holdtime : 168 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci) Copyright (c) by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-8 Additional CDP Commands RouterA#sh cdp traffic CDP counters : Packets output: 56, Input: 38 Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3 No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0 RouterA#sh cdp interface BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-9 Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices Remote device SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1 RouterA#telnet Trying Open Catalyst 1900 Management Console Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved. Enterprise Edition Software Ethernet Address: PCA Number: PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K Model Number: WS-C1924-EN System Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ. SwitchB>

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-10 Viewing Telnet Connections SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1 RouterA#sh session Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name * RouterA#sh user Line User Host(s) Idle Location * 0 con vty 0 idle

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-11 Suspending a Telnet Session SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1 RouterB# x RouterA#sh session Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name RouterA#resume 1 RouterB#

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-12 RouterA#disconnect Closing connection to [confirm] RouterA#clear line 11 [confirm] [OK] Closing a Telnet Session Closing a session opened by a remote device Closing the current session opened by you SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA S0 S1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-13 Using the ping and trace Commands Test connectivity and path to a remote device Router##ping Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms Router#trace Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to msec 4 msec 4 msec Router#

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-14 Router Power on/Bootup Sequence Power on self test (POST) Load and run bootstrap code Find the IOS software Load the IOS software Find the configuration Load the configuration Run

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-15 Router Internal Components RAM Config register ROM Flash NVRAM Interfaces

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-16 ROM Functions ROM Contains microcode for basic functions Bootstrap Mini IOS ROM monitor POST show version Console

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-17 Finding the IOS Flash show version show startup-config IOS Order of search: 1. Check configuration register 2. Parse config in NVRAM 3. Default to first file in Flash 4. Attempt net boot 5. RXBOOT 6. ROMMON Console Config register NVRAM

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-18 Router Start-up Flow Chart Use IOS from Flash Attempt to get IOS from network Use IOS in ROM (RXBoot mode) Check start-up config Boot field =0 0x0 Boot field =1 0x1 Boot system commands ? Config reg bit 13=1 ? 5 failures ? Valid IOS in Flash ? Do what they say Run ROM Monitor START Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Success ? No Yes Use file from Network Load IOS Valid config ? Config reg bit 6=1 ? Yes NoYes SETUP DIALOG NORMAL START UP COMPLETE No

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-19 Determining the Current Configuration Register Value wg_ro_a#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin" --More-- Configuration register is 0x2102 Configuration register value in show version

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-20 Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-21 Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-22 Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 0x1 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Automatically boot from ROM (Provides IOS subset) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-23 Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Check configuration register value with show version Configuration Register Values Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 0x2 to 0xF 0x1 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Examine NVRAM for boot system commands (0x2 default if router has Flash) Automatically boot from ROM (Provides IOS subset) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-24 Loading the IOS from Flash Flash IOS show flash Flash file is decompressed into RAM Console RAM

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-25 show flash Command wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [ bytes used, available, total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [ bytes used, available, total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-26 Loading the Configuration Console IOS Setup utility show startup-config show running-config Load and execute config from NVRAM If no config in NVRAM, enter setup mode Config RAMNVRAM

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-27 show running and show startup Commands wg_ro_c#show startup-config Using 1359 out of bytes ! version 12.0 ! -- More -- wg_ro_c#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 ! -- More -- In NVRAM In RAM Display current and saved configuration

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-28 Sources of Configurations Config RAMNVRAM copy running startup copy startup running (merge)

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-29 Sources of Configurations Config RAMNVRAM Terminal copy running startup copy startup running (merge) config term (merge)

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-30 Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server copy start tftp copy tftp start copy run tftp copy tftp run (merge) config term (merge)

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-31 Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server Erase Start copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server Blank erase start config term (merge) copy tftp run (merge) copy tftp start copy start tftp copy run tftp

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-32 copy run tftp and copy tftp run Commands wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg.!! 1684 bytes copied in secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp:// /wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from (via Ethernet0): ! [OK /3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in secs (99 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg.!! 1684 bytes copied in secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp:// /wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from (via Ethernet0): ! [OK /3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in secs (99 bytes/sec)

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-33 Cisco IOS File Systems and Devices RAM NVRAM TFTP server Flash flash: system:nvram: tftp:

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-34 Managing IOS Images Network server FLASH Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-35 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Router Network server

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-36 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Check space available on the server Router Network server

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-37 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Check space available on the server Check file naming convention Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-38 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server Check access to the server Check space available on the server Check file naming convention Create file on server if required

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-39 wg_ro_a#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [ bytes used, available, total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Verifying Memory and Deciphering Image Filenames Verify Flash memory has room for the IOS image

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-40 wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Address or name of remote host []? Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! bytes copied in secs (14223 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Creating a Software Image Backup Back up current files prior to updating Flash Network server FLASH copy flash tftp

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-41 wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host [ ]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp:// /c2500-js-l_120-3.bin... Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted)...erased Erase of flash: complete Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (output omitted) [OK / bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0) bytes copied in secs (32636 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Upgrading the Image from the Net Erase Flash occurs before loading new image Note message that image already exists Network server FLASH

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-42 Visual Objective core_ server wg_sw_a wg_sw_l wg_pc_a wg_pc_l... console e0/2 fa0/26 (port A) e0/2 e0 fa0/26 (port A) fa0/1fa0/12 fa0/24 core_sw_a wg_ro_l A/B wg_ro_a console podsw ro’s e0 A B C D E F G H I J K L

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-43 After completing this chapter, you should be able to perform the following tasks: Use Cisco Discovery Protocol from a device to get information about neighboring devices Use Telnet to retrieve information about remote devices Determine the load location of the IOS image List the commands to load an IOS image file Summary

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND—5-44 Review Questions 1. What CDP command is used to get information about one specific neighbor? 2. What key combination suspends a Telnet session? 3. From which three locations can an active configuration file originate? 4.What show command lists the value of the Configuration Register?