1. 1 Router Internal Components Console Auxiliary Interfaces RAMNVRAMFlashROM RAM - Packet buffers, running configurations, running IOS ROM - Rom Monitor, Baby IOS (Rxboot) NVRAM - Backup configurations, Config register Flash - IOS

2. 2 Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server Erase Start copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server Blank 000000 erase start config term (merge) copy tftp run (merge) copy tftp start copy start tftp copy run tftp

3. 3 Router Status Commands RAM Internetwork Operating System Programs Tables and Buffers Dynamic Configuration Information NVRAMFlash BackupConfigurationFile Operating Systems Interfaces Router#show interfaces Router#show mem Router#show ip route Router#show mem Router#show ip route Router#show flash Router#show startup-config Router#show running-config Router#show processes CPU Router#show protocols Router#show processes CPU Router#show protocols Router#show version

4. 4 Creating a Software Image Backup wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Network server FLASH copy flash tftp

5. 5 Upgrading the Image from the Net wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin... Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted)...erased Erase of flash: complete Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (output omitted) [OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0) 10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Network server FLASH

6. 6 External Configuration Sources Console Port Auxiliary Port Interfaces Virtual Terminals VTY 0 4 TFTP Server Network Management Station

7. 7 Initializing a Router POST Run RXBoot Image Run RXBoot Image Check Config Reg Enter ROM Monitor Mode Enter ROM Monitor Mode Load IOS Subset Load IOS Subset Load from TFTP Server Load from TFTP Server Load IOS Subset Load IOS Subset Load from ROM Load from ROM Load from Flash Load from Flash Read NVRAM

8. 8 Initializing a Router Can I find it? Is there a configuration file? Yes No TFTP Server Yes Where is it? Load configuration file Load configuration file NVRAM Load alternate configuration file Run AutoInstall Run AutoInstall No Setup Mode Setup Mode

9. 9 Router Modes Privileged EXEC Mode Detailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access. Router# Router> User EXEC Mode Limited examination of router. Remote access. Global Configuration Mode Commands that affect the system as a whole. Router> User EXEC Mode Limited examination of router. Remote access. Privileged EXEC Mode Detailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access. Router# Used if the operating system does not exist in Flash or the boot sequence was interrupted during startup. ROM Monitor Mode > or rommon> Prompted dialog used to establish an initial configuration. RXBoot Mode Boot helper software which helps the router boot when it cannot find a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory. Router Router(config)# Complex and multiline configurations. Other Configuration Modes Router(config - mode)#

10. 10 Overview of Router Modes Router(config)# Router> Router# Other configuration modes Exit Ctrl-Z (end) Configuration Mode Prompt Interface Router(config-if)# Subinterface Router(config-subif)# Controller Router(config-controller)# Line Router(config-line)# Router Router(config-router)# IPX-router Router(config-ipx-router)# Route-map Router(config-route-map)#

11. 11 Configuring Router Identification Router Name Router(config)#hostname P1R1 P1R1# Message of the Day Banner P1R1(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! # Interface Description P1R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 P1R1(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18

12. 12 Password Configuration Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password cisco Console Password Virtual Terminal Password Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose Enable Password Router(config)#enable password cisco Secret Password Router(config)#enable secret sanfran

13. 13 Configuring an Interface Router(config)#interface type number Router(config-if)# type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel number is used to identify individual interfaces Router(config-if)#exit Quit from current interface configuration mode Router(config)#interface type slot/port Router(config-if)# For the Cisco 7000 and 7200 series routers

14. 14 Router#show interface serial 1 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is cxBus Serial Description: 56Kb Line San Jose - MP :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Interface Status Operational.................. Connection Problem... Interface Problem........ Disabled...................... Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Serial1 is up, line protocol is down Serial1 is down, line protocol is down Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down KeepalivesCarrier Detect

15. 15 Configuring a Serial Line Enter global configuration mode Specify interface Set DCE clock rate (optional) Set bandwidth (optional) Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000 Router(config-if)# Router(config)#interface serial 1 Router(config-if)# Router#configure term Router(config)# Router(config-if)#bandwidth 56 Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#exit Router#

16. 16 Locating the Cisco IOS Software ROM monitor Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system flash IOS_filename Router(config)#boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_address Router(config)#boot system rom [Ctrl-Z] Router#copy running-config startup-config Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system flash IOS_filename Router(config)#boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_address Router(config)#boot system rom [Ctrl-Z] Router#copy running-config startup-config Boot system commands not found In NVRAM Get default Cisco IOS software from Flash Flash memory empty Get default Cisco IOS software from TFTP server

17. 17 Boot System Options in Software Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system flash c2500-js-l [Ctrl-Z] Router#copy running-config startup-config Flash Network Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system tftp test.exe 172.16.13.111 [Ctrl-Z] Router#copy running-config startup-config ROM Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system rom [Ctrl-Z] Router#copy running-config startup-config

18. 18 Locating the Cisco IOS Software...... Router#show version IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 11.2 (6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 06-May-97 16:17 by kuong Image text-base: 0x0303ED8C, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), version 10.2 (8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 21 hours, 13 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l.112-6.bin", booted via flash Configuration register is 0x2102

19. 19 Verifying Available Memory Router#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 7871172 c2500-js-l.112-6.bin [7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total] 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

20. 20 Using Enhanced Editing Commands (Automatic scrolling of long lines). Move to the beginning of the command line. Move to the end of the command line. Move back one word. Move forward one character. Move back one character. Move forward one word. Delete a single character.

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28. 28 5 장 문제 풀이 RouterA#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial2 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 120)