Axial Skeleton – supports the central axis of the body › Skull Skull › Clavicle Clavicle › Ribs and Sternum Ribs and Sternum › Vertebrae Vertebrae Appendicular Skeleton › Arms Arms › Legs Legs
Skull – protects the brain Skull Clavicle – hold the upper extremities of the hand Clavicle Ribs and Sternum – protects the heart and the lungs Ribs and Sternum
Vertebrae – protects the spinal cord Vertebrae
Arms Arms › Humerus upper arm › Radius and Ulna lower arm › Carpals wrist › Metacarpals palm › Phalanges fingers
Legs Legs › Femur thigh › Tibia and Fibula Lower leg › Tarsals ankle › Metatarsals sole › Phalanges toes
Bone Structure › Periosteum covering of the bone Important for repair › Compact Bone makes the bone tough › Spongy Bone Provide spaces for bone marrow › Bone Marrow Red marrow – production of blood cells Yellow marrow – composed of fats
Muscles work in pairs (antagonistic) › Myofibrils › Filaments Actin – thin fiber Myosin – thick fiber Sliding Filament Theory
Allows movement Gives shape to the body Gives structure to the body
Osteoporosis › Osteoporosis means “porous bones,” or that bones are losing their density, becoming thinner and more breakable.
Rheumatoid Arthritis › Rheumatoid arthritis causes swelling, pain, stiffness, and redness in the joints. › The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown to date, but allegedly triggered by a combination of factors, including genetic susceptibility, viral infection or hormonal changes.
Scoliosis › an abnormal curvature of the spine. › Can be a result of poor muscle control or muscle weakness, and traumatic spine injuries
Steroids › Testosterone is commonly prescribed in the treatment of female breast cancer, and for stimulation of growth, weight gain, and red blood cell production. These are commonly known as "anabolic steroids" because they promote muscle growth. They are also commonly used to help patients recover from a surgery and cancer treatment that resulted in damage to muscle tissue.